碳纤维复合材料保险杠铺层优化设计研究

对碳纤维复合材料保险杠碰撞性能进行研究,并进行铺层优化设计。先在HyperStudy中进行试验设计获得大量试验数据,然后采用HyperKriging方法构建近似模型,随后采用遗传算法进行铺层优化,最后将最优解重新代入原模型,进行运算验证。相对于原钢制保险杠,优化后的碳纤维复合材料保险杠有更佳的安全性能,且质量显著减轻,减轻63.3%。碳纤维复合材料对于汽车碰撞安全性及轻量化具有重要的研究意义。     

径棒法编织C/C复合材料高温拉伸性能研究

采用化学气相沉积、沥青浸渍-高压碳化混合致密工艺向径棒法编织的预制体内引入基体碳,实现高密度(≥1.94g/cm3)炭/炭复合材料制备。利用快速通电加热测试技术,模拟C/C复合材料的高温工作环境,研究不同温度下材料的环向拉伸性能。结果表明:在2 300℃时,材料拉伸强度最大(80.3 MPa),断裂应变随着温度的升高而增加。采用扫描电镜对试样及断口形貌进行观察,发现测试温度、机加损伤及试样过渡区应力集中影响材料断裂特征。温度为1 800℃、2 300℃时材料在过渡区断裂;温度为2 800℃时,材料在标距区发生破坏,纤维与基体界面结合强度低,纤维拔出多,表现出假塑性断裂特征。     

碳量子点的生物应用:成像、载药与毒性

碳量子点作为一种新型的纳米材料,具有荧光性能优异、尺寸小、毒性低等诸多优势,因而具有良好的应用前景,尤其在生物医学领域有突出的应用价值,近年来引起了科研者们的广泛关注。在介绍碳量子点光学性质的基础上,重点综述了碳量子点在生物成像、诊疗剂应用及碳量子点生物毒性等方面的最新研究进展,并探讨了碳量子点未来的发展方向和前景。     

激光与碳纤维相互作用的研究现状及发展趋势

由于高比强度、比模量等优良特性,碳纤维成为轻量化制造业的关键原材料之一,拥有广阔的发展潜力,然而高成本、低产率及工艺缺陷等弊端限制了其发展。激光技术的引入给碳纤维的加工制备提供了新的方向。概述了激光与碳纤维相互作用的最新研究进展,详细介绍了激光在加工、制备碳纤维各工艺过程中的作用机制,总结了激光技术在碳纤维复合材料生产加工领域的研究进展,最后分析和展望了激光辅助加工制备碳纤维过程目前仍存在的一些问题及可能的发展方向、应用前景。     

墨汁碳纳米粒增强壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能研究

利用墨汁中碳纳米粒为增强体,以流延法制备墨汁/壳聚糖复合膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合膜的结构进行了表征,研究不同的墨汁加入量对墨汁/壳聚糖复合膜力学、耐水以及光透过率等性能的影响。结果表明低含量墨汁中碳纳米粒可均匀分散在壳聚糖基体中。与纯壳聚糖膜相比,加入墨汁后的复合膜的力学性能和耐水性能得到了明显的提高。复合膜的光透过率随着复合膜中墨汁含量的增加急剧下降,具有非常优异的光阻隔性能。     

On the Wetting States of Low Melting Point Metal Galinstan® on Silicon Microstructured Surfaces

The primary goal of this article is to measure the wetting characteristics of a low melting point metal to determine the efficacy of this type of material for possible use in thermal energy storage applications. Galinstan®, a commercially available alloy consisting of Gallium, Indium, and Tin is subjected to contact angle measurements on various silicon surfaces at varying temperatures. Due to the oxidation characteristics of Galinstan, all experiments are conducted in an inert nitrogen environment (<0.5 ppm oxygen) to maintain fluid‐like properties. This work finds that although contact angle changes with substrate and surface structure, temperature has no observable effect on contact angle. Contact angles range from 141° on smooth silicon to greater than 160° on silicon micropillars. Although a temperature dependence is not observed over the range of temperatures studied, having wetting properties of Galinstan on various surfaces is a step toward better understanding the capabilities of this and similar materials in energy management.

     

Recent Advances on 3D Printing Technique for Thermal‐Related Applications

Advances in ink formulation and printing techniques make producing material systems with new and versatile characteristics and functionalities possible. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing enables fabricating complex structures at a faster production rate using different types of materials for various applications. Recently, 3D printing methods are being studied for thermal‐related applications. In this paper, the authors review recent progress of materials and printing techniques for thermal application devices using composite materials.

     

Distinguishable Detection of Ultraviolet,Visible, and Infrared Spectrum with High‐Responsivity Perovskite‐Based Flexible Photosensors

Distinguishable detection of the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum is promising and significant for the super visual system of artificial intelligences. However, it is challenging to provide a photosensor with such broad spectral response ability. In this work, the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum is distinguished by developing serial photosensors based on perovskite/carbon nanotube hybrids. Oraganolead halide perovskites (CH₃NH₃PbX₃) possess remarkable optoelectronic properties and tunable optical band gaps by changing the halogens, and integration with single‐walled carbon nanotubes can further improve their photoresponsivities. The CH₃NH₃PbCl₃‐based photosensor shows a responsivity up to 10⁵ A W^?1 to ultraviolet and no obvious response to visible light, which is superior to that of most ultraviolet sensors. The CH₃NH₃PbBr₃‐based photosensor exhibits a high responsivity to visible light. Serial devices of the two hybrid photosensors with comparable electric and sensory performances can distinguish the spectrum of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared even with varying light intensities. The photosensors also demonstrate excellent mechanical flexibility and bending stability. By taking full advantages of the oraganolead halide perovskites, this work provides flexible high‐responsivity photosensors specialized for ultraviolet, and gives a simple strategy for distinguishable detection of ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum based on the serial flexible photosensors.     

ZIF‐8/ZIF‐67‐Derived Co‐Nx‐Embedded 1D Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Graphitic Carbon‐Encased Co Nanoparticles as an Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst

Herein, an approach is reported for fabrication of Co‐N_x‐embedded 1D porous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with graphitic carbon‐encased Co nanoparticles originated from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which is further explored as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical results reveal that the electrocatalyst prepared by pyrolysis at 1000 °C (CoNC‐CNF‐1000) exhibits excellent catalytic activity toward ORR that favors the four‐electron ORR process and outstanding long‐term stability with 86% current retention after 40 000 s. Meanwhile, it also shows superior electrocatalytic activity toward OER, reaching a lower potential of 1.68 V at 10 mA cm^?2 and a potential gap of 0.88 V between the OER potential (at 10 mA cm^?2) and the ORR half‐wave potential. The ORR and OER performance of CoNC‐CNF‐1000 have outperformed commercial Pt/C and most nonprecious‐metal catalysts reported to date. The remarkable ORR and OER catalytic performance can be mainly attributable to the unique 1D structure, such as higher graphitization degree beneficial for electronic mobility, hierarchical porosity facilitating the mass transport, and highly dispersed CoN_xC active sites functionalized carbon framework. This strategy will shed light on the development of other MOF‐based carbon nanofibers for energy storage and electrochemical devices.     

Large‐Stroke Electrochemical Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Hybrid Yarn Muscles

Artificial muscles are reported in which reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is trapped in the helical corridors of a carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn. When electrochemically driven in aqueous electrolytes, these coiled CNT/rGO yarn muscles can contract by 8.1%, which is over six times that of the previous results for CNT yarn muscles driven in an inorganic electrolyte (1.3%). They can contract to provide a final stress of over 14 MPa, which is about 40 times that of natural muscles. The hybrid yarn muscle shows a unique catch state, in which 95% of the contraction is retained for 1000 s following charging and subsequent disconnection from the power supply. Hence, they are unlike thermal muscles and natural muscles, which need to consume energy to maintain contraction. Additionally, these muscles can be reversibly cycled while lifting heavy loads.