Application of inorganic membranes in the alkali recovery process

In the mills with wheat straw as raw material in China, the high silica content of raw material resulted in a low ratio of alkali recovery and high maintenance cost for equipment. However, till now, little progress has been made on removal of silica in the alkali recovery process of wheat straw pulping. Many researchers have investigated the feasibility of UF/RO organic membranes to treat black liquor (BL), but the success of UF/RO membranes in practice was discouraging due to their short life-span and low flux. In this study a novel process, the membrane-alkali recovery process, was developed by applying an inorganic MF membrane in the alkali recovery process. The rejection performance of inorganic MF membranes on lignin, silica and sodium salts was investigated, and the feasibility of the membrane-alkali recovery process was discussed in detail. The experimental results showed that the inorganic membranes could efficiently reject 75% of lignin and 80% of silica. A running period of more than 40 days for a 0.2 μ membrane was achieved with the maximum flux, 5001/m²h, under the conditions of TMP 0.2 MPa, crossflow velocity 2.3 m/s, and temperature 30—60°C. This newly developed membrane-alkali recovery process could efficiently reject silica. The interference of silica on the alkali recovery process was greatly decreased. Lime sludge could be reused in the membrane-alkali recovery process while it was discharged in the conventional alkali recovery process. The function of the alkali recovery boiler in the membrane-alkali recovery process was emphasized on the chemical reactor while the conventional furnace was taken as a steam regenerator and also a chemical reactor. The capital and maintenance of the new furnace could be decreased, and the operation could be simple and convenient compared with the conventional furnace. Therefore, the membrane-alkali recovery process overcame many disadvantages of the conventional alkali recovery process and fully utilized the organics and inorganics in the BL.     

焦炉煤气磷酸法脱氨制氨水工艺

介绍了焦炉煤气磷酸法脱氨制氨水工艺流程、参数和出现的问题。与饱和器法制硫铵装置相比具有腐蚀轻、维护费用少、劳动强度低等优点。脱氨效率能够满足外送煤气的质量要求，可为焦化厂节约外购硫酸费用。     

Removing CO2 and H2S from the Gas Produced during Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)

Abstract

The new method of simultaneous disposal of CO₂ and H₂S in coal gas generated during underground coal gasification (UCG) using industrial waste alkali liquor is put forward and studied for the first time. The rationale of absorption of CO₂ and H₂S by the alkali liquor is analyzed, and the mass transfer model for the above process is established. The impact of the existence of H₂S on absorbing CO₂ by the alkali liquor is studied on the basis of the model experiment. Research shows that as the velocity of coal gas increases, the selection coefficient of H₂S improves, the temperature rises, the selection coefficient of H₂S deceases, but the removal rate of CO₂ increases. By means of study, it can be found that the removal rate of CO₂ can reach more than 60% under the conditions of the suitable concentration of the alkali liquor and the ratio of liquid to gas, the heat value of underground coal gas can heighten by 12.3%, 17.7%, and over 20%, respectively, when the removal rate of CO₂ is 58%, 80%, and greater than 90%.     

白酒外包装的新应用

随着白酒业的发展,市场竞争也进入了白热化程度,因为内在品质的同质化,迫使各酒企更加重视产品的外包装,为了满足外包装丰富多彩和个性突出的要求,微型楞盒和柔版印刷开始用于白酒包装印刷,而它们的应用既可以实现色美但不唯美、适度但不过度的优质外包装产品,又有一定的环保价值。     

Online retail of alcohol,some dilemmas for professional SIA practice

Online retail is burgeoning, challenging ‘bricks and mortar’ retailers and changing both purchase and retail distribution practices in many countries. At the same time, this growth is challenging some established social impact assessment (SIA) frames of reference, creating new dilemmas for professional SIA practice. This paper examines some of these dilemmas as they are revealed in decisions published by the NSW Independent Liquor and Gaming Authority in the calendar year 2017.     

姜酒中姜辣素含量测定及品质研究

用分光光度法测定不同姜酒中姜辣素含量,研究姜辣素含量与姜酒品质的关系,结果表明:随着姜酒度数增加,姜辣素含量增加,喝后出现反胃现象的人数增加.     

Evaluation of effect of evaporation on supercritical water gasification of black liquor by energy and exergy analysis

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a promising innovative black liquor handling method. The low concentration of black liquor is a burden for the system scale and investment cost. In this study, we introduced black liquor evaporator to increase the concentration using self-generated steam and power, and studied its influence on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results showed that increasing black liquor concentration from 10 wt% to 20 wt% reduced the energy efficiency but increased the exergy efficiency of the system without evaporator. With the evaporator, an optimal target concentration existed for the exergy efficiency owing to the influence of the target concentration on the balance between the energy consumption and saving brought by the evaporator. With black liquor condensed from 15 wt% to 21.82 wt%, maximum exergy efficiency of the system (41.95%) was obtained. For lower-concentration black liquor, more water needs to be evaporated to get the optimal concentration and evaporator was more desired because it brought greater improvement on the exergy efficiency. The increasing effect number of multi-effect evaporator shifted the optimal concentration to higher values, which increased from 19.93 wt% to 23.13 wt% when the effect number increased from 4 to 7. The exergy efficiency of the system was also improved, and the improvement was more significant at higher target concentration.     

利用离子色谱仪进行白酒中甜蜜素的检测方法的研究

利用离子色谱仪检测白酒中的甜蜜素。选用柱容量较低、亲水性较强的Dionne Ionpac AS17分析柱,此方法:样品前处理简单,准确性和稳定性高,适用于白酒生产厂家的质量监控,保证酒类市场的健康运行。     

宽幅斜轧车的设计改进

轧车的轧余率及其轧液均匀性对织物后整理定形工艺的质量有着直接影响,阐述并论证了对原有宽斜幅轧车轧辊进行设计改进的具体方案及设计要求。