A study on the efficiency of a capped hardening elasto-plastic model for soft clays

It is well known that the deformation and stress-resistant characteristics of fine-grained soils, especially soft clays, are significantly influenced by the soil softness. It is therefore very important to employ a model which can accurately simulate the effects of this phenomenon. A constitutive model must be able to create a balance among stress paths, the number of parameters, the process of parameter determination, and finally, the simplicity of the computational calculations.The current study investigates the performance of a two-yield surface (cone and cap yield surface) model for soft soils. The efficiency of the cap yield surface has been studied as well. The model has been calibrated by employing the data derived from previous researches for Bangkok clay. The incorporated data have been obtained from the results of CD triaxial, CU triaxial, and oedometer tests. The proposed method for the model calibration can accurately predict the triaxial test results and oedometer test stress path simultaneously. This method for predicting the soil behavior is based on the main soil characteristics taken from common soil mechanics tests. It can be widely employed for engineering practices, especially when complicated soil behavior is encountered.     

Continuous monitoring of the dynamic behavior of a high‐rise telecommunications tower

This article describes the experimental evaluation of the dynamic effects induced by wind on a high‐rise telecommunications tower based on a permanent monitoring system. Monte da Virgem telecommunications tower is located near the city of Porto (Portugal), and its structure consists in a reinforced concrete shaft and a steel mast, with a total height of 177 m. The monitoring system includes accelerometers, anemometers, and a meteorological station, allowing the characterization of the maximum accelerations of the structure and wind regimes during a period of 6 months. The analysis of the results enabled identifying specific events, denominated as critical events, for which the dynamic response of the tower under wind actions appears significantly amplified due to wind aeroelastic instability phenomena in the steel mast. The automatic identification of the critical events was based on the application to the acceleration's records of an autoregressive model and estimation of its optimal order number based on a singular value decomposition. The results proved the robustness and efficiency of the proposed technique in identifying the number, duration, and maximum amplitude of accelerations associated to the critical events, envisaging its potential integration in structural health monitoring systems.     

核桃壳活性炭的制备及其对烟酸缓释性能的研究

以二氧化碳(CO2)物理活化法制备了核桃壳活性炭,考察了活化温度、活化时间对核桃壳活性炭得率及烟酸吸附量的影响。以所制备的核桃壳活性炭为烟酸载体,在不同的释放介质(蒸馏水、人工胃液或人工肠液)中进行烟酸释放性能研究。结果表明,人工胃液和人工肠液能促进活性炭对烟酸的释放,其累计释放率分别达到43.96%和47.69%。核桃壳活性炭在3种不同介质中的不同释放阶段的释放过程均符合Higuchi模型。     

基于数据挖掘的人口数据预测模型综述

论文调查了国内外基于数据挖掘技术的人口数据预测模型。根据预测目的不同对这些模型进行了分类比较,在此基础上综合各模型的优缺点,对今后的研究工作做了进一步展望。     

水平安装文丘里管低压湿气测量模型

在低压高流速工况下,对文丘里管的湿气测量虚高数学模型进行理论和试验研究.由动量方程出发,推导文丘里管用于湿气测量的理论计算式.在天津大学低压油、气、水三相流试验装置上,对管径比为0.404 8、0.55、0.7的文丘里管进行大量湿气试验,分析压力、滑差及液相含率对文丘里湿气测量虚高的影响,提出一个新的文丘里管低压湿气测量半经验模型公式,达到较高的测量精度.通过对不同管径比的试验数据的分析比较,得出管径比为0.55的文丘里管信号具有较小分散性的结论.     

气动柔性扭转关节静态模型

基于气动柔性驱动器(Flexible pneumatic actuator, FPA)研制一种气动柔性扭转关节,该关节主要由两个弧形的FPA组成,向这两个FPA充入压缩气体,关节转过一定的角度。分析扭转关节中FPA壁厚变化规律,对单个FPA的自由端进行力矩平衡分析,建立该关节的静态模型,构建试验系统对气动柔性扭转关节进行压力转角关系试验。试验结果与仿真曲线存在一定误差,分析影响扭转关节静态模型准确性的因素,并根据试验结果对扭转关节的数学模型进行修正,得到的修正模型能够较好地描述关节的充气过程和放气过程。     

微型高频脉冲管制冷机的实用化

高频微型脉冲管制冷机在许多领域具有重要作用,目前从原理样机到实用化的成品机仍有一些问题须要解决。介绍在一台达到世界先进水平的高效同轴脉冲管制冷机的基础上进行实用化的工程样机研究,并通过模拟计算分析两台脉冲管制冷机工程样机与原理样机的区别及其自身特点,为进一步开展工作奠定了基础。制作的两台工程样机基本达到了原理样机的制冷性能,不锈钢结构的工程样机外观精美、结构紧凑,但由于材料和外形的原因,制冷性能稍逊于原理样机;铜壁结构的工程样机性能优于不锈钢样机,足以满足工程项目的需要,但重量有所增加。     

严重事故下吸湿性气溶胶的自然去除研究

反应堆发生严重事故时,堆芯释放出的吸湿性气溶胶会在潮湿的安全壳内增大,从而影响其自然去除过程。本文理论推导了吸湿性气溶胶的增大模型并通过多种方法对其进行了验证。模型计算结果表明,气溶胶的增大过程由于受到溶解度的限制而存在临界湿度值,在该临界值以下时气溶胶不发生吸湿,但这未被其他严重事故分析程序所考虑。同时,基于某三代先进压水堆的特定严重事故工况,本文分析了干颗粒半径及湿度对气溶胶的平衡半径和自然去除系数的影响。结果表明:气溶胶的自然去除系数随干颗粒半径的增大将先减小后增加,并在1μm时达到最小值;相同湿度下,干颗粒半径对气溶胶半径的最大增大比例的影响不大;湿度的增加对不同干颗粒半径气溶胶去除系数的影响不同。     

饱和砂土基于相变状态的不排水本构模型

饱和砂土基于相变状态的改进本构模型能较好地描述砂土不排水情况下的应力-应变关系。通过改进模型中相变状态参量的计算方法,将e-lgp°表达式加以改进,通过详细的阐述,提出e_pt-lgp的关系式,并通过三轴压缩试验的数据对提出的关系式加以验证。应用新的关系式计算不排水条件下试样的相变孔隙比e_pt,进而计算出模型中的相变状态参量。改进后的不排水本构模型的计算结果与不排水三轴压缩的试验结果能较好地吻合,即验证了本构模型的有效性,也验证了e_pt-lgp关系式的合理性,使原有的边界面本构模型更好地描述不排水的情况下、不同密度和围压状态下饱和砂土的力学行为。