Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of dried Helichrysum italicum flowers by response surface methodology: GC-MS profiles of the extracts and essential oil

Supercritical (SC) CO₂ extraction of dried Immortelle flowers was performed at different process parameters. The optimal extraction conditions related to the yield were determined by response surface methodology (yield 4.09% at 20 MPa and 52°C). The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and tremetone derivatives dominated: bitalin A, 12-acetoxytremetone, gnaphaliol, 1-[2-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanone, isobutyl bitalin A, and 1-[2-(acetylprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanone. Striking differences were found among the essential oil and SC-CO₂ extracts composition. The major oil compounds were γ-curcumene, α-pinene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and limonene. Mono- and sesquiterpene were found among minor constituents of the extracts. Neryl acetate was present in the extracts and essential oil.     

Seed Oils of Five Black Tartary Buckwheat Cultivars with Biochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Properties

Black tartary buckwheat oils (BTBOs) were extracted from five major industrial tartary buckwheat cultivars grown under similar agronomical activities and environmental conditions. These oils were characterized for the bioactive compounds containing fatty acids, β‐carotene, lutein, α‐, β‐, δ‐ and γ‐tocopherol, and for their antioxidant properties. The total tocopherol contents that were obtained ranged from 704.66 to 1156.19 mg/kg, with γ‐tocopherol (588.98–977.91 mg/kg) as the main component. The concentration of lutein ranged from 253.14 to 429.63 mg/kg, which was almost ten times higher than that of β‐carotenoid (46.71–69.2 mg/kg), indicating that black tartary buckwheat seed oils were a good source of lutein. The predominant fatty acids were unsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) (35.27–40.61 %) and linoleic acid (C18:2) (38.25–42.90 %). Excellent values of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were obtained and the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of 13.89 mmol Trolox equiv/g oil was detected in the variety of Chuanqiao No. 1, which was clearly separated by principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the highest content of tocopherols and carotenoids. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that tocopherols and carotenoids were the major contributors to the antioxidant activities of the BTBOs. This study demonstrates that lipophilic extraction in the tartary buckwheat seed contains many interesting bioactive compounds, which are beneficial for human health.     

涡旋型线对涡旋压缩机性能的影响

构成涡旋压缩机涡旋齿的型线有很多种,不同型线的类型以及几何参数直接影响着涡旋压缩机的性能和结构尺寸。在现有涡旋型线几何理论的基础上,对圆、线段和正四边形渐开线以及变径基圆渐开线和组合型线的几何特性进行了详细的探讨,采用控制变量的方法,对比分析了不同涡旋型线几何参数和结构参数之间的相互关系;计算分析了圆渐开线和组合型线构成的动涡旋盘所受的气体力,计算结果表明组合型线动涡旋盘上所受的气体力波动较大,研究得到的结果为涡旋压缩机的设计提供了一定的理论基础和应用参考。     

新型FRP拉挤夹芯型材及其结构应用初探

FRP拉挤夹芯型材是指采用拉挤成型工艺制作的复合材料夹芯构件,其外侧为FRP面层,内部为泡沫、轻木等轻质芯材,具有轻质高强、局部承压能力强、FRP面板不易屈曲、生产效率高、质量稳定等优点。以泡桐木和杨木等轻木、无碱玻璃纤维以及不饱和聚酯树脂为原材料,对FRP夹芯型材的拉挤成型工艺进行了研究,成功制造了不同截面形式的FRP拉挤夹芯型材,并对其界面性能、弯曲性能、轴心受压性能进行了试验研究。对FRP拉挤夹芯型材的工程应用进行了探讨,并对实际工程——玉竹楼项目进行了介绍。     

Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes from Lard by Lipase‐Catalyzed Interesterification Based on Triacylglycerol profiles

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) with triacylglycerol profiles highly similar to those of human milk fat (HMF) were prepared from lard by physical blending followed by enzymatic interesterification. Based on the fatty acid profiles of HMF, different vegetable and single‐cell oils were selected and added to the lard. Blend ratios were calculated based on established physical blending models. The blended oils were then enzymatically interesterified using a 1,3‐regiospecific lipase, Lipozyme RM IM (RML from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on Duolite ES562; Novozymes A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark), to approximate HMF triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles, particularly with respect to the distribution of palmitic acid in the sn?2 position. The optimized blending ratios were determined to be: lard:sunflower oil:canola oil:palm kernel oil:palm oil:algal oil:microbial oil = 1.00:0.10:0.50:0.13:0.12:0.02:0.02. The optimized reaction conditions were determined to be: enzyme load of 11 wt%, temperature of 60 °C, water content of 3.5 wt%, and reaction time of 3 hours. The resulting product was evaluated for total and sn?2 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and TAG composition. A high degree of similarity was obtained, indicating the great potential of the product as a fat alternative for use in infant formulas.     

离散贝叶斯分类算法雷达目标一维距离像识别

首先讨论了传统贝叶斯分类器设计方法的局限性,然后提出了离散贝叶斯分类算法,并推导了离散贝叶斯分类器的分类误差估算公武.用大量的实测高分辨雷达目标回波数据进行计算机模拟,离散贝叶斯分类算法获得了平均94.33%的正确识别率,分类误差估算公式估算的分类误差为5.23%.计算机模拟结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

A comparative analysis of China and other countries in metabolic engineering: Output,impact and collaboration

In recent years, metabolic engineering has made great progress in both academic research and industrial applications. However, we have not found any articles that specifically analyze the current state of metabolic engineering in China in comparison with other countries. Here, we review the current development and future trends of global metabolic engineering, conduct an in-depth benchmarking analysis of the development situation of China’s metabolic engineering, and identify current problems as well as future trends. We searched publications in the Scopus database from 2015 to September 2020 in the field of metabolic engineering, and analyzed the output in general, including publication trends, research distribution, popular journals, hot topics and vital institutions, but also analyzed the share of citations, field-weighted citation impact, and production in collaboration with strategic countries in science and technology. This study aims to serve as a reference for later studies, offering a comprehensive view of China’s contribution to metabolic engineering, and as a tool for the elaboration of national public policy in science and technology.     

双程旋流板分离器三维流场研究

以五孔探针测量了双程旋流板分离器的三维流场,对测定结果进行了分析计算,给出了分离器内、外程的流线图,结果表明,双程旋流板分离器气流速度分布和静压分布轴对称性较好.与单程旋流板分离器相比,双程旋流板分离器有效地提高了切向速度,尤其是分离器轴心附近的切向速度,减小了最大轴向速度和向心径向速度,缩短了两相分离距离,故分离性能大大提高.对Ogawa的切向速度公式进行了修正,回归了方程的参数.为进行对比,将分离器用作喷淋塔的除雾器,当分离器断面平均气速由3.0 m(s(1提高至5.2 m(s(1时,双程旋流板分离器的带出量比单程旋流板分离器的带出量下降了72.7%到96.3%,分离效率在99.9%以上.     

A relationship between software coverage metrics and reliability

Software engineers have tacitly assumed that there exists a link between coverage and reliability. An argument is presented which leads to an inverse logarithmic relationship which depends upon the structure of the software and on a parameter called the strength of the coverage metric. The relationship is developed by considering reliability as a function of an idealized coverage metric and then interpreting the result for a range of actual coverage metrics.