Direct Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Vinylogous Michael Addition of Prochiral 3‐Alkylideneoxindoles to Nitroolefins

3‐Alkylidene‐2‐oxindoles represent a simple, yet enabling subfamily of indole alkaloids, and their ability to react as electron‐poor acceptors has largely been investigated. In contrast, their utility as pronucleophilic synthons remains elusive. In this context, the present article describes the successful execution of the direct, organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of prochiral 3‐alkylideneoxindoles to nitroolefins. A variety of γ‐substituted alkylideneoxindoles carrying two stereocenters at both the γ‐ and δ‐carbon sites was assembled with excellent stereoselectivity and without olefin isomerization or stereochemical ablation.     

Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino‐γ‐sulfonyl Phosphonates with a Tetrasubstituted Chiral α‐Carbon via Quinine‐Squaramide‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitrophosphonates to Vinyl Sulfones

α‐Nitro‐γ‐sulfonyl phosphonates with a key tetrasubstituted chiral α‐carbon center have been synthesized for the first time in high yield and enantioselectivity through a quinine‐squaramide‐catalyzed conjugate addition of α‐nitro phosphonates to aryl vinyl sulfones. Representative examples presented here for the transformation of nitrosulfonyl phosphonates to aminosulfonyl phosphonates, alkylation at the α‐position of the sulfonyl group followed by desulfonation and scale‐up of the conjugate addition highlight the practical applications of the methodology.     

Exo-mechanism proximity-accelerated alkylations: investigations of linkers, electrophiles and surface mutations in engineered cyclophilin-cyclosporin systems

Investigations on the scope and utility of exo-mechanism proximity-accelerated reactions in engineered receptor-ligand systems are reported. We synthesized a series of electrophilic cyclosporin (CsA) derivatives by varying electrophiles and linker lengths, prepared a series of nucleophilic cysteine mutations on the surface of cyclophilin A (Cyp), and examined their reactivity and specificity in proximity-accelerated reactions. Acrylamide and epoxide electrophiles afforded useful reactivity and high specificity for alkylation of engineered receptors in Jurkat cell extracts. We found that remote cysteines (>17 A from the ligand) could be alkylated with useful rates under physiological conditions. The results from mutations of the receptor surface suggest that the dominant factors governing the rates of proximity-accelerated reactions are related to the local environment of the reactive group on the protein surface. This study defines several parameters affecting reactivity in exo-mechanism proximity-accelerated reactions and provides guidance for the design of experiments for biological investigations involving proximity-accelerated reactions.     

4-苯基-3-氨基哌啶二盐酸盐的合成

以肉桂酸为原料,先后经酯化、Michael加成反应、环合、乙硼烷还原、钯碳催化氢化共5步反应制得目标化合物,其结构经1HNMR和MS确证。该工艺使用原料简单易得、合成路线短、反应条件温和,制备方法简便,总收率54.1%。     

硫醇与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物的不对称Michael加成反应的研究进展

从手性诱导和手性催化剂催化两个方面,简要概述了硫醇与α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的不对称Michael加成反应的研究进展。     

磷酸锌钠负载KF催化Michael加成反应

以磷酸锌钠负载KF为催化剂,催化乙酰乙酸乙酯与丙烯腈进行Michael加成反应.用熔点测定仪、IR、GCMS、1H-NMR表征了加成产物,产物的总产率为81.8%.实验结果表明,KF/NaZnPO4是一种催化α,β不饱和共轭体系和含有活泼亚甲基化合物反应的良好催化剂,该反应可在温和的条件下高效地进行,产品产率高,纯度好,操作和后处理简单方便.     

Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Catalytic Domino Thia‐Michael/Aldol Reactions: Synthesis of Benzothiopyrans with Three Contiguous Stereocenters

Highly enantioselective organocatalytic domino thia‐Michael/aldol reactions between 2‐mercaptoacetophenone and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes are presented. The reactions proceed with excellent chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity to give the corresponding benzothiopyran derivatives in high yields with up to >15:1 dr and 96 to >99 % ee.     

Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Nitrocyclopropanes by the Oxidative Cyclization of Michael Adducts of Nitroolefins with Activated Methylene Compounds

An efficient oxidative cyclopropanation of the Michael adducts of nitroolefins with activated methylene compounds by the combination of iodobenzene diacetate and tetrabutylammonium iodide is reported. Highly functionalized nitrocyclopropanes are synthesized in moderate to good yields via the Michael addition and cyclopropanation with high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity under mild conditions.     

Michael addition of ethyl acrylate and acetone over solid bases

The catalytic behaviour of the superbases Na/NaOH/-Al₂O₃ and Cs_xO/-Al₂O₃ as well as of the basic zeolites Na/NaX and Cs_xO/CsX were investigated in the Michael addition of ethyl acrylate and acetone. The reactions were carried out in the liquid phase at catalyst loadings varying from 0.05 to 0.1 mol ester/g catalyst.     

含聚氧乙烯链端的阴离子型改性聚酰胺-胺树状聚合物的合成及表征

以采用发散法在优化合成条件(n(乙二胺):n(丙烯酸甲酯)=1:4、n(丙烯酸甲酯):n(树状聚合物中间体)=24:1、反应温度25℃、反应时间24 h)下合成的第四代聚酰胺-胺(G4.0 PAMAM)树状聚合物为骨架,以阴离子试剂丙烯酸钠和不同相对分子质量的聚氧乙烯大单体为端基改性剂,在以甲醇为溶剂、反应温度50℃、反应时间96 h的条件下进行三元Michael共加成反应,对G4.0 PAMAM树状聚合物分子末端基进行修饰改性;并用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱和透射电子显微镜等方法对合成产物的结构进行表征。表征结果显示,合成的产物为含聚氧乙烯链端的阴离子型改性G4.0 PAMAM树状聚合物,其分子结构形态以球状为主,粒径范围10～120 nm,通常以集聚态存在。