植酸对几株真菌促生长作用的研究

实验研究不同浓度的植酸对根霉、总状毛霉、汉逊酵母在培养过程中生长状况的影响,通过对微生物菌落总数、菌落形态、pH值等生化指标的测定发现：（1）植酸浓度在0．01％-0．05％时能促进根霉、总状毛霉增殖,随着植酸浓度的增加效果明显;当植酸浓度达到0．1％时,2株菌生长受到抑制。（2）植酸浓度在0．01％-0．1％时能促进汉逊酵母的生长,植酸浓度为0．1％时效果最佳。（3）当植酸浓度达到0.3％时几株菌均不能生长。（4）添加0.3％植酸,3株菌培养基的pH值未发生变化,0．01％-0．1％植酸添加组培养基pH值均呈上升的趋势。结果表明,植酸在一定浓度范围内对几株真菌有促生长作用,几株菌对一定浓度的植酸具有分解作用。     

毛霉亮氨酸氨肽酶的纯化及性质研究

采用硫酸铵盐析、离子交换层析、疏水层析、凝胶层析及超滤方法对毛霉胞外蛋白酶组分进行分离纯化,从毛霉的发酵麸曲中分离纯化得到氨肽酶组分,并对其性质进行探讨。结果表明：纯化的毛霉氨肽酶是亮氨酸氨肽酶,其对小肽N端的亮氨酸有非常强的水解活性;该氨肽酶在40℃、pH6.5有最大催化活性,在40℃以内,pH5.0～8.0有很好的稳定性;在所实验的几种蛋白酶抑制剂(PMSF、EDTA、E-64、Pepstatin A)中,仅EDTA可以完全抑制该氨肽酶的活性,由此说明,纯化的毛霉氨肽酶是一种金属蛋白酶;常见的金属离子中,Ca2+对该氨肽酶有激活作用,而Zn2+、Cu2+及Mn2+对其有强的抑制作用;该氨肽酶对大豆多肽的苦味有明显的去除效果,大豆多肽脱苦处理4h后其苦味基本消除。     

毛霉发酵豆粕工艺条件的优化

为探讨豆粕固态发酵同步制备多肽及可溶性膳食纤维的工艺条件,选用雅致放射毛霉AS3.2778为发酵菌株,采用响应面分析方法考察了影响发酵工艺的若干因素,并对发酵工艺条件进行了优化。由此确定了最佳的毛霉固态发酵豆粕的工艺条件：豆粕发酵培养基中添加质量分数3%木糖、0.3% KH2PO4、0.1%吐温-80、0.39% CaCl2,含水量52.7%,初始pH 5.68,27 ℃发酵3 d。在优化的工艺条件下,毛霉发酵豆粕可实现多肽及可溶性膳食纤维的同步高效转化,其得率分别可达到16.1%与18.5%。结果表明毛霉固态发酵豆粕同步制备多肽及可溶性膳食纤维的生产工艺具有可行性。     

一种毛霉表面成熟干酪的蛋白质水解作用评价

从毛豆腐中分离出一株毛霉,并应用于表面成熟干酪,以研究干酪成熟过程中所发生的蛋白质水解作用。在90d 的成熟过程中,干酪的pH 值增加;蛋白质水解作用的评价指标,如干酪外层的水溶性氮- 总氮比、pH4.6水溶性氮- 总氮比、12g/100mL 三氯乙酸可溶性氮- 总氮比,在成熟90d 后分别增加至(23.68 ± 1.07)%、(19.38 ± 1.32)%和(8.61 ± 0.85)%,并且高于干酪的内部相应指标。SDS-PAGE 和毛细管电泳分析干酪的pH4.6 不溶性组分,结果表明酪蛋白在干酪成熟过程中被降解。对干酪成熟过程中分离出的水溶性组分进行RP-HPLC 分析,结果显示成熟过程中蛋白质被水解以及形成一些新肽分子。     

微小毛霉凝乳酶的酶学性质研究

目的：研究微小毛霉(HL-1)凝乳酶的酶学性质。方法：研究了酶的最适温度,酶的pH值稳定性和热稳定性,探讨了金属离子、化学物质和钙离子对酶活力的影响,加酶量对酶反应的影响,测定了酶的蛋白水解活力、相对分子量和酶的Km与Vm值。结果：酶的最适温度为60℃; 最适pH值为5.5;酶在65℃保温5min活力损失95%;钙离子是酶的激活剂,其含量与酶活力正相关,而钾离子则对酶有抑制作用;氯化钠对酶活力的影响不大,但是SDS可导致酶严重失活;加酶量与反应时间成反比;酶的蛋白水解活力为485.3U/g;相对分子质量是42000,Km为0.02380mol/L,Vm为1.1227mg/min。结论：得出了微小毛霉(HL-1)凝乳酶的酶学性质。     

Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of canola oil in supercritical carbon dioxide

The effect of pressure, temperature, and CO₂ flow rale on the extent of conversion and the product composition in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of canola oil in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) was investigated using lipase from Mucor miehei immobilized on macroporous anionic resin (Lipozyme IM). Reactions were carried out in a continuous flow reactor at 10, 24, and 38 MPa and 35 and 55°C. Supercritical fluid chromatography was used to analyze the reaction products. A conversion of 63–67% (triglyceride disappearance) was obtained at 24–38 MPa. Mono-and diglyceride production was minimum at 10 MPa and 35°C. Monoglyceride production was favored at 24 MPa. The amount of product obtained was higher at 24–38 MPa due to enhanced solubility in SCCO₂. Complete hydrolysis of oil should be possible by increasing the enzyme load and/or decreasing the quantity of the oil substrate. There was a drop in triglyceride conversion over a 24-h reaction time at 38 MPa and 55°C, which may be an indication of loss of enzyme activity. Pressure, temperature, and CO₂ flow rate are important parameters to be optimized in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of canola oil in SCCO₂ to maximize its conversion to high-value products.     

Enzymatic fractionation of fatty acids: Enrichment of γ-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by selective esterification catalyzed by lipases

Immobilized lipase preparations from seedlings of rape (Brassica napus L.) andMucor miehei (lipozyme) used as biocatalysts in esterification and hydrolysis reactions discriminate strongly against γ-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids/acyl moieties. Utilizing this property, γ-linolenic acid contained in fatty acids of evening primrose oil has been enriched seven to nine-fold, from 9.5 to almost 85% by selective esterification of the other fatty acids with butanol. Similarly, docosahexaenoic acid of cod liver oil has been enriched four to five-fold, from 9.4 to 45% by selective esterification of fatty acids (other than docosahexaenoic acid) with butanol. As long as the reaction is stopped before reaching equilibrium, very little of either γ-linolenic acid or docosahexaenoic acid are converted to butyl esters, which results in high yields of these acids in the unesterified fatty acid fraction.     

成熟温度对牦牛毛霉菌奶酪成熟过程中品质的影响

文章通过研究不同成熟温度对牦牛毛霉菌奶酪成熟过程的影响,找寻最适应的温度及成熟时间.选取实验材料牦牛毛霉菌奶酪,将其置于不同的成熟温度下(20,25,30℃),选取相应成熟时间节点,测定质构、色泽、蛋白质分解、pH值等.结果 表明,成熟温度为25℃时,牦牛毛霉菌奶酪在第6天时质构达到最佳值,此时感官评分也较高.3组牦牛...     

微小毛霉发酵制取凝乳酶的培养基优化研究

利用响应面分析法优化微小毛霉的发酵培养基,提高微小毛霉凝乳酶的凝乳活力。在单因素实验的基础上,用Design-Expert软件对实验数据进行多元回归分析,建立了3种因素与凝乳酶活力之间的函数关系,得出在基础发酵培养基中加入的氯化钙、乳清粉和葡萄糖的最佳浓度分别为0.58%、0.64%和1.13%,此时,微小毛霉凝乳酶的凝乳活力的理论值为1150.81SU/mL,验证平均值为1109.7SU/mL,与预测值基本一致。     

Modification of selected indian vegetable fats into cocoa butter substitutes by lipase-catalyzed ester interchange

A few solid and semi-solid fats of tree origin in India, namely sal (Shorea robusta), kokum(Garcinia indica), mahua (Madhuca latifolia), dhupa (Vateria indica) and mango (Mangifera indica), were chosen for modification into cocoa butter substitutes by lipase-catalyzed ester interchange with methyl palmitate and/or stearate. Hexane solutions of mixtures of fat and methyl ester(s) in various molar proportions were passed through a column of Lipozyme™, a lipase fromMucor miehei immobilized on a macroparticulate ion-exchange resin. The interesterified fats were purified by extraction with 95% ethanol followed by silica column chromatography. Interesterified dhupa, kokum and sal fats compared well with cocoa butter in the total fatty acid composition and the 2-position of triacylglycerols, as well as glyceride composition. In particular, interesterified kokum fat resembled cocoa butter well in solid fat content and peak melting temperature as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. IICT Communication No. 2743.