不同种源地香叶树籽的油脂含量及脂肪酸组成分析

为探明不同种源地香叶树作为油料树种的开发价值,采集了全国6省20县市的香叶树果实,对香叶树全果、果肉及籽的油脂含量及脂肪酸组成进行了分析,并采用ward法对不同种源地香叶树籽油脂肪酸进行了聚类分析。结果表明：香叶树全果、果肉以及籽的平均油脂含量分别为43.31%、42.38%及46.12%;全果油脂肪酸组成以月桂酸、油酸和癸酸为主;果肉油以油酸和棕榈酸为主;而籽油则以月桂酸和癸酸为主,月桂酸含量为53.20%~70.30%,月桂酸和癸酸总含量达76.40%~90.10%;聚类分析将不同种源地香叶树分为3大类,云南省、贵州省及广西省的香叶树属低月桂酸类型,福建省、江西省及湖南省的香叶树属中高月桂酸型。香叶树可作为生产中碳链脂肪酸的新晋树种,福建省的香叶树籽油脂含量高,且籽油中月桂酸含量高,作为中碳链脂肪酸的原料地具有明显的开发优势。     

巴旦木蛋白提取工艺

以巴旦木为原料,采用碱提酸沉法和超声波辅助碱液浸提法制备巴旦木蛋白,并对其理化性质进行研究。结果表明：碱提酸沉法提取巴旦木蛋白的最佳工艺条件是料液比1:25、pH10、60℃浸提40min;超声辅助碱液浸提法提取巴旦木蛋白的最佳工艺条件是pH9.0、料液比1:20、提取时间15min、超声功率125kW,在此条件下提取率为37.16%。与碱提酸沉法比较,超声波辅助碱液提取法时间短、得率高。     

预防组培中蓖麻子叶节玻璃化的研究

为了预防蓖麻子叶节在组织培养过程中的玻璃化现象,以建立其高效的遗传转化体系,本实验对影响子叶节生长状态的几个因素进行了初步研究。结果表明,在胚轴、子叶均为淡黄色的时期切取蓖麻子叶节,接种在1/8MS、内含10g/L琼脂粉、20g/L蔗糖、8.0mg/LZT、1.0mg/LNAA的培养基中进行培养,能有效地预防蓖麻子叶节玻璃化。     

Sensory analysis integrated by palynological and physicochemical determinations plays a key role in differentiating unifloral honeys of similar botanical origins (Myrtaceae honeys from southern Spain)

Myrtaceae honeys produced in Sierra Morena (southern Spain, Andalusia) are obtained from both Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Myrtus communis, and honeys can be easily confused when classified as they come from the same botanical family. The characterisation was intended on the basis of their physicochemical, sensory and palynological properties. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed us to make a distinction between two honey profiles. The first one corresponds to the European sensory profile described for Eucalyptus unifloral honeys. The second profile, which sensory characteristics are absolutely different, has not been previously described. Classification of samples is proposed to be based on their pollen type and content and sensory attributes. Therefore, pollen type and content in E. camaldulensis and M. communis are required to distinguish Eucalyptus honey type from other honeys coming from Myrtaceae family. Sensory analysis identifies honey botanical source as well as palynological analysis: Eucalyptus sensory profile requires over 50% of E. camaldulensis and under 30% of M. communis pollen. Previously undefined sensory profile of myrtle honey is showed under 50% of E. camaldulensis and over 30% of M. communis pollen.     

芦苇不同部位醇提物抗氧化性对比分析

以VC为对照,分别研究芦苇花、叶、茎和根黄酮提取物对·OH、O2-·、DPPH·清除效果和总抗氧化能力。实验结果表明:芦苇不同部位提取物均有较强的抗氧化能力和清除·OH、O2-·、DPPH·能力,各样品的黄酮含量与抗氧化活性有较明显的正相关性。在相同条件下,各提取物对·OH清除能力为:VC>芦叶>芦花>芦根>芦茎;对O2-·清除能力为:VC>芦花>芦叶>芦根>芦茎;对DPPH·清除能力分别为:VC>芦花>芦叶>芦茎>芦根;总抗氧化能力为:芦叶>VC>芦花>芦根>芦茎。芦苇不同部位提取物在实验测定浓度范围内具有抗氧化活性。      

Improving storability,physiological disorders,and antioxidant properties of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) by pre-harvest 1-methylcyclopropene spraying

Ethylene continues to be a major factor influencing quality of European pears during storage. Although research has been done on the effect of pre-harvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on physiological characteristics in pears, a full understanding of cultivar response and antioxidant metabolism remains elusive. Spraying 1-MCP on ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears was studied with respect to physiology, storage and eating quality, disorders, and antioxidant properties at two harvest date (H1 and H2) during storage and ripening. Treatment with 1-MCP extended the harvest window of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears 3 and 4 days, respectively, without reducing storage or eating quality. Treatment with 1-MCP reduced ethylene production (EPR) and respiration rates (RR), maintained fruit firmness and green colour during storage and retarded development of desirable melting texture in both cultivars. Additionally, 1-MCP lowered the incidence of disorders by alleviating membrane lipid peroxidation, retaining high total flavonoids (TF) and antioxidant capacity, and enhancing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in both cultivars. Overall, pre-harvest 1-MCP applications could extend storage time of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears to 5 and 6 months, respectively, at −1.1 ± 0.5 °C, by reducing ethylene synthesis and enhancing antioxidant metabolism.     

Variations in essential oil and fatty acid composition during Myrtus communis var. italica fruit maturation

The essential oil and fatty acid composition of Myrtus communis var. italica fruit during its ripening was determined. The effect of the harvesting time on some physical properties of Myrtus fruits, fruit weight and moisture content, were significant. The increase of fruit weight (from 2.54 to 8.79 g% fruits) during ripeness was correlated positively with that of moisture content (from 28% to 72%). Fruit essential oil yields varied from 0.003% to 0.01% and showed a remarkable increase at 60 days after flowering to reach a maximum of 0.11%. Forty-seven volatile compounds were identified in fruit essential oils; 1,8-cineole (7.31–40.99%), geranyl acetate (1.83–20.54%), linalool (0.74–18.92%) and α-pinene (1.24–12.64%) were the main monoterpene compounds. Total fatty acid contents varied from 0.81% to 3.10% during fruit maturation and the predominant fatty acids were linoleic (12.21–71.34%), palmitic (13.58–37.07%) and oleic (6.49–21.89%) acids. The linoleic acid proportions correlated inversely with palmitic and oleic acids during all the stages of ripening.     

香叶中挥发性组分的超临界萃取及气相色谱-质谱分析

用正交试验法研究超临界萃取香叶挥发性成分的条件，并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了香叶挥发油的化学成分。结果显示萃取条件按对结果影响大小依次排列为：萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间,最佳萃取条件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度40 ℃、萃取时间1 h。挥发油收率为2.6%,从中确认出47种化学成分，而用同时水蒸气蒸馏 溶剂萃取方法收率仅为0.8%，仅确认出30种挥发性成分。     

Hyperforin and Myrtucommulone Derivatives Act as Natural Modulators of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells

The therapeutic activities of natural plant extracts have been well known for centuries. Many of them, in addition to antiviral and antibiotic effects, turned out to have anti-tumor activities by targeting different signaling pathways. The canonical Wnt pathway represents a major tumorigenic pathway deregulated in numerous tumor entities, including colon cancer. Here, we investigated the acylphloroglucinols hyperforin (HF) from St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and myrtucommulone A (MC A) from myrtle (Myrtus communis) and semi-synthetic derivatives thereof (HM 177, HM 297, HM298) for their effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. None of these substances revealed major cytotoxicity on STF293 embryonic kidney and HCT116 colon carcinoma cells at concentrations up to 10 μM. At this concentration, HF and HM 177 showed the strongest effect on cell proliferation, whereas MC A and HM 177 most prominently inhibited anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 cells. Western blot analyses of active β-catenin and β-catenin/TCF reporter gene assays in STF293 cells revealed inhibitory activities of HF, MC A and HM 177. In line with this, the expression of endogenous Wnt target genes, Axin and Sp5, in HCT116 cells was significantly reduced. Our data suggest that the acylphloroglucinols hyperforin, myrtucommulone A and its derivative HM 177 represent potential new therapeutic agents to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colon cancer.