几种澄清方法对梨汁理化和感官等指标的影响

本文研究了无机陶瓷微滤膜微滤、中空纤维超滤以及果胶酶对梨汁的澄清效果、理化及感官指标的影响。采用三种孔径的氧化铝膜和自制的加压微滤装置、外购中空纤维超滤装置以及果胶酶进行澄清实验。实验结果表明:(1)0.2μm孔径无机陶瓷膜微滤对梨汁的可溶性固形物含量、VC含量和还原糖含量影响不大,澄清梨汁得率较高,并且基本保持了梨汁的原有风味,适合梨汁澄清生产。(2)50nm无机陶瓷膜微滤和中空纤维超滤因孔径太小,不适合梨汁澄清生产。(3)0.8μm孔径无机陶瓷膜微滤和果胶酶澄清处理梨汁的浊度太大,短时间出现分层或沉淀,不适合梨汁澄清生产。     

香梨与瓦楞纸板跌落碰撞的接触应力分布分析及损伤预测

为了实现香梨果实跌落碰撞时损伤面积的准确评估和预测,本研究采用Prescale感压胶片对香梨与瓦楞纸板不同高度跌落碰撞下的接触应力分布进行测量分析,探讨接触应力分布与损伤面积的关系,确定了最接近损伤面积的应力面积范围。并在此基础上采用有限元模拟方法对香梨碰撞瓦楞纸板的损伤面积进行预测分析。研究结果表明,感压胶片测量的接触应力分布中0.20 MPa范围的应力面积与损伤面积最为接近,相对误差率平均为6.81%。当该应力范围应用于有限元模拟的损伤面积预测时,香梨损伤面积的预测值略高于实际损伤面积,损伤预测的相对误差率平均约为13.29%,显著提高了预测精度,实现了有限元法对香梨与瓦楞纸板跌落碰撞损伤面积的较准确地预测,为今后香梨机械化作业中减损设计提供了研究基础。     

基于TACNN的玉露香梨叶虫害识别

为了解决玉露香梨叶虫害种类多、扩散速度快、人工识别梨叶虫害耗时长的问题,提出了能够在自然环境下对玉露香梨叶虫害图像自动识别的Tiny-Alexnet卷积神经网络(Tiny-Alexnet Convolution Neural Network,TACNN)的虫害识别模型.分析了Alexnet模型的网络结构,并将实地采集的...     

库尔勒香梨感官及理化指标的定量无损检测

目的 利用高光谱成像技术建立库尔勒香梨分级指标的快速检测方法。方法 选择采摘期香梨作为研究样本, 以颜色（a*）、硬度（带皮硬度, Hardness）和可溶性固形物（soluble solids content, SSC）为研究指标, 使用高光谱成像系统采集样本900~1700 nm范围波长的漫反射光谱。提取样本感兴趣区域（region of interest, ROI）的光谱进行预处理, 采用多元散射校正（muliplication scattering correction, MSC）、标准正态变量变换（standard normal variable transformation, SNV）及其分别与卷积平滑滤波法（savitzky-golay, S-G）相结合的组合处理方法。基于不同的预处理结果建立偏最小二乘回归（partial least squares regression, PLSR）预测模型, 以验证集相关系数(Rv)和均方根误差(RMSEv)对模型进行评价。为进一步优化模型, 采用竞争性自适应重加权算法（competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, CARS）筛选特征波长, 并建立PLSR模型和最小二乘支持向量机（least square-support vector machine, LS-SVM）模型对比建模效果。结果 采用MSC-SG-PLS建立的模型判别准确率最高, 颜色预测模型的Rv和RMSEv值分别达到0.844和0.402; 硬度预测模型的Rv和RMSEv值分别达到0.823和0.417 kg/mm2; 可溶性固形物预测模型的Rv和RMSEv值分别达到0.902和0.301 %。采用CARS算法建立的LS-SVM模型效果最佳, 香梨颜色、硬度和SSC的模型预测值与标准理化值的相关系数分别为0.873、0.908和0.916, 均方根误差分别为0.375、0.385 kg/mm2和0.346 %。结论 研究表明, 利用高光谱成像技术可以实现库尔勒香梨多品质参数的无损检测。     

用红外光谱技术研究打蜡梨的红外光谱特性

采用CCD阵列光谱仪研究了打蜡梨的红外光谱特性。经分析,在655~660 nm波段,经过打蜡处理后的梨会出现吸收峰,而未经打蜡处理的梨则没有出现吸收峰;在610~620 nm波段,打过石蜡梨的红外图谱吸收峰峰高和未打蜡梨的红外图谱吸收峰峰高相当,而打过果蜡梨的红外图谱吸收峰远远低于未打蜡梨的红外图谱吸收峰。该结果表明红外光谱技术在打蜡梨检测中具有一定的可行性,同时也为进一步研究针对打蜡梨的智能化无损检测技术提供了参考依据。     

浓缩砀山酥梨汁非酶促褐变中氨基酸变化的研究

本实验研究了浓缩砀山酥梨汁贮存中,因非酶促褐变所至总氨基酸和各氨基酸含量的变化.浓缩砀山酥梨汁在5、37和50℃贮存100d,总氨基酸的量分别减少0%、31%和70%,总氨基酸的减少呈指数变化.酥梨汁氨基酸的主要成分为天冬氨酸,37℃和50℃贮存100d时,天冬氨酸含量的减少占总氨基酸减少的67%和73%,脯氨酸的浓度上升.酥梨汁贮存中氨基酸的含量变化与褐变指数(A440)和5-羟甲基糠醛浓度显著相关,pH保持不变,可滴定酸增加.     

Ovipositional behavior of lesser peachtree borer in presence of host-plant volatiles

Reactions of lesser peachtree borer [Synanthedon pictipes (G&R)] to volatiles of peach wood, either natural or chemically fractionated, were observed. Mated females were stimulated by and responsive to such materials and deposited significantly more eggs on substrates, including unnatural hosts, that had been treated with aqueous mixtures of bark-canker materials. Stimulation to oviposit occurred even when the female was blinded, indicating the presence of chemical cues. Natural canker-bark extracts immediately stimulated ovipostion and for a few hours significantly increased the number of eggs laid. However, average fecundity was not increased. Antennectomy did not significantly decrease response to volatiles by gravid females, and alternate sites of such chemoreception were not located. Complex mixtures derived by solvent extraction, steam distillation, and volatiles trapping from bark, canker, and gum all had activity. Observations of insect behavior in outdoor cages and also in the laboratory indicated that visual, chemosensory, and mechanosensory receptors are involved in host finding and oviposition.Mention of firm or product names does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA over others not mentioned.     

基于参数L系统的梨树枝干模型三维可视化

为了真实的模拟果树枝干形态,提出形态特征信息和参数L系统相结合的果树枝干可视化方法.以梨树的树体结构为研究对象,提炼其相关的形态结构特征以及生态生理等特性变化;应用L系统建模方法对梨树建立包含树枝的粗细、分叉角度等细节信息的模型;最后使用OpenGL三维建模技术将梨树生长几何信息转化为直观的三维可视化图形信息,模拟出梨...     

Fluorescence shell: a novel view of sclereid morphology with the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) was used to observe sclereids from stems of Avicennia germinans and from fruits of two species of pear (Pyrus calleryana "Bradford" and P. communis "Red Bartlett"). The images obtained from thick (25 to 100 microm) free-hand sections were, in certain respects, far superior to those obtained by other, more invasive and time-consuming microscopic techniques upon which previous reports of sclereid morphology were based. The cell wall surfaces, including the "internal" surfaces of the branched pit canals and cell lumens, were much accentuated with the techniques we describe, resulting in a "fluorescence shell" image, meaning the cell wall did not stain all the way through but instead only at the inner and outer wall surfaces, including the edges of ramiform pits. By controlling the time of staining with 1% aqueous Safranin O, or by changing the number of optical sections used in extended focus images, it was possible to get either a conventional view of the cell wall structure or a unique, three-dimensional view of the elaborate cell interconnections. Similar fluorescence shell images of sclereids were also obtained using a periodic-Schiff (PAS) staining system, but the stain was not as specific to sclereid cell walls as was the Safranin O stain. Particularly with the use of a narrow range band pass emission filter of 505-530 nm, the Safranin O staining may be more specific to lignin than reported in the literature.     

离子色谱法同时测定梨子和梨树叶中的氯和硫

提出了梨子和梨树叶的消解方法。采用离子色谱电导检测法同时测定梨子和梨树叶中的氯和硫 ,方法检出限梨子和梨树叶中的Cl分别为 0 .3× 10 -6,6× 10 -6,梨子和梨树叶中的S分别为 0 .9× 10 -6,18× 10 -6;回收率为92 .0～ 10 2 .0 % ,RSD(n =10 ) 1.4 2～ 9.93%。