Treating traumatized OEF/OIF veterans: How does trauma treatment affect the clinician?

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 42(3) of Professional Psychology: Research and Practice (see record 2011-11548-008). The word “While” was erroneously inserted in the first sentence of the “Clinician Factors” section. The correct sentence is stated in the correction.] The authors of this article describe the rewards and challenges for clinicians treating veterans who have served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Issues of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout are defined and reviewed, as are compassion satisfaction and posttraumatic growth. Patient, clinician, and organizational characteristics that are likely to affect clinicians working with this clinical population are discussed. Patient factors that may increase strain on clinicians are discussed such as age, likelihood of redeployment, comorbid conditions, attendance issues, and elevated risk for suicide and aggression. Clinician factors, such as theoretical orientation, training, supervision, military affiliation, personal trauma history, spirituality, social support, and self-care, are also discussed as possible risk and protective factors for vicarious trauma and burnout. Organizational influences, such as caseload size and diversity, clinician control and autonomy, use of evidence-based practices, availability of resources, rural isolation, and the philosophy of the clinic, are further discussed. Recommendations for ameliorating risks are discussed relative to each area and include allowing clinicians to plan their own appointments so as to balance their caseload of OEF/OIF veterans, attending to self-care practices, and having a supportive team with thorough training in evidence-based practices. Future empirical research is needed on risk and resiliency factors for clinicians working with traumatized OEF/OIF veterans given that this population is likely to grow. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

智能光网络的标准化进展

智能光网络的核心技术包括信令技术、路由技术和标准化的光接口．目前,涉及智能光网络标准化工作的国际标准化组织和准标准化组织有国际电信联盟电信标准部(ITU-T)、互联网工程任务组(IETF)和光互联论坛(OIF)．ITU-T侧重体系结构,IETF侧重协议,OIF侧重互连互通．现阶段基于SONET/SDH传送网的智能光网标准较为切实可行．