The Metalloporphyrin Antioxidant, MnTE-2-PyP, Inhibits Th2 Cell Immune Responses in an Asthma Model

MnTE-2-PyP, a superoxide dismutase mimetic, inhibited OVA-induced airway inflammation in mice suggesting an effect on Th2 responsiveness. Thus, we hypothesized that MnTE-2-PyP may alter dendritic cell-Th2 interactions. Bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DC) and OVA(323-339)-specific Th2 cells were cultured separately in the presence or absence of MnTE-2-PyP for 3 days prior to the co-culturing of the two cell types in the presence of an OVA(323-339) peptide and in some cases stimulated with CD3/CD28. MnTE-2-PyP-pretreated DC inhibited IL-4, IL-5 and IFNγ production and inhibited Th2 cell proliferation in the DC-Th2 co-culturing system in the presence of the OVA(323-339) peptide. Similar results were obtained using the CD3/CD28 cell-activation system; the addition of MnTE-2-PyP inhibited Th2 cell proliferation. MnTE-2-PyP suppressed CD25 expression on OVA-specific Th2 cells, which implied that MnTE-2-PyP can inhibit the activation of Th2 cells. MnTE-2-PyP also down-regulated co-stimulatory molecules: CD40, CD80 and CD86 on immature DC. Our studies suggest that the major mechanism by which MnTE-2-PyP inhibits airway inflammation is by acting on the DC and suppressing Th2 cell proliferation and activation.     

不饱和脂肪酸对卵清蛋白糖基化反应的影响

糖基化反应是高营养食品常见的一类反应,食品中的脂类成分对糖基化反应有很大影响.本研究以葡萄糖和卵清蛋白(OVA)建立糖基化对照体系,与含有不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的模型组进行对比,探究脂肪酸氧化对于糖基化反应产物二羰基化合物、晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)及糖基化蛋白结构的影响.结果表明UFA通过不同方式促进二羰基化合物的...     

The clinical and immunomodulatory effects of green soybean extracts

The present study was performed to investigate the immune-modulating activities of extracts from green soybean (Glycine max) in a 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-inducing guinea pig rhinitis model and a human trial study for allergic rhinitis. Hot water extracts of green soybean were chosen for animal experimentation on the basis of their ability to regulate the production of B cell-activating factor of the TNF family and a proliferation-inducing ligand in mouse spleen cells. Green soybean extracts significantly decreased the levels of ovalubumin (OVA)-specific IgE in mice and significantly suppressed the TDI-induced nasal mucosa secretion. An open-label human pilot study was performed on 16 subjects, using Japanese cedar pollinosis. The symptom scores for Japanese cedar pollinosis were better in the long-term green soybean extracts intake group than in the withdrawal short-term intake group. Green soybean extracts had great potential as an orally active immune modulator for the treatment of various allergic diseases.     

Maternal peanut consumption provides protection in offspring against peanut sensitization that is further enhanced when co-administered with bacterial mucosal adjuvant

The aims of the present study were to assess whether protection against peanut (PN) sensitization can be conferred by maternal PN consumption alone and if so, whether protection was increased by mucosal adjuvant co-administration. Mice were fed with low dose of either PN or PN with cholera toxin (CT) preconceptionally, and during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring serum PN-specific immunoglobulins and cellular responses by splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells were determined after an active PN sensitization protocol. Milk was collected from lactating mothers of 11-21-day-old pups for evaluation of PN-specific immunoglobulin levels. We found that offspring of PN fed mothers exhibited lower PN-specific IgE levels and reduced PN-stimulated splenocyte and MLN cells cytokine secretion than offspring of non PN fed mothers. CT co-administration with PN enhanced these responses.. Milk from mothers fed PN and CT, but not PN alone preconceptionally and during pregnancy and lactation contained markedly and significantly increased levels of both peanut-specific IgG2a and IgA. Our study demonstrated that maternal feeding of PN alone had a protective effect against PN sensitization of the progeny, which was enhanced by co-administration of a mucosal adjuvant. Increased levels of PN-specific IgG2a and/or IgA in milk were seen when PN and CT were administered together, suggesting that transmission of maternal immunoglobulins may play a role in the observed protection.     

An adaptive feature fusion framework for multi-class classification based on SVM

An adaptive feature fusion framework is proposed for multi-class classification based on SVM. In a similar manner of one-versus-all (OVA), one of the multi-class SVM schemes, the proposed approach decomposes a multi-class classification into several binary classifications. The main difference lies in that each classifier is created with the most suitable feature vectors to discriminate one class from all the other classes. The feature vectors of the unknown samples are selected by each classifier adaptively such that recognition is fulfilled accordingly. In addition, novel evaluation criterions are defined to deal with the frequent small-number sample problems. A writer recognition experiment is carried out to accomplish this framework with three kinds of feature vectors: texture, structure and morphological features. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is illustrated as compared with the OVA by applying the same feature vectors for all classes.     

Using OVA modeling to improve classification performance for large datasets

One-Versus-All (OVA) classification is a classifier construction method where a k-class prediction task is decomposed into k 2-class sub-problems. One base model is constructed for each sub-problem and the base models are then combined into one model. Aggregate model implementation is the process of constructing several base models which are then combined into a single model for prediction. In essence, OVA classification is a method of aggregate modeling. This paper reports studies that were conducted to establish whether OVA classification can provide predictive performance gains when large volumes of data are available for modeling as is commonly the case in data mining. It is demonstrated in this paper that firstly, OVA modeling can be used to increase the amount of training data while at the same time using base model training sets whose size is much smaller than the total amount of available training data. Secondly, OVA models created from large datasets provide a higher level of predictive performance compared to single k-class models. Thirdly, the use of boosted OVA base models can provide higher predictive performance compared to un-boosted OVA base models. Fourthly, when the combination algorithm for base model predictions is able to resolve tied predictions, the resulting aggregate models provide a higher level of predictive performance.     

Moiety and linker site heterologies for highly sensitive immunoanalysis of cyprodinil in fermented alcoholic drinks

Cyprodinil is a new-generation anilinopyrimidine fungicide widely used in crop protection and frequently found in fruits. In this study, novel derivatives of cyprodinil with linker site heterologies were synthesized and employed in order to produce antibodies with enhanced affinity. Moreover, moiety-heterologous haptens were designed and prepared for assay sensitivity improvement. Two competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the analysis of this active substance were developed using direct and indirect formats, achieving IC₅₀ values around 0.15 μg/L. Analytical figures of merit and usability of the optimized assays were evaluated with wine and cider as model food processed matrices. The obtained recoveries were from 90% to 120%, and the limit of quantification was in the 1–5 μg/L range. Finally, a monitoring study (n = 150) was performed to estimate the occurrence and the concentration of cyprodinil in commercial wine and cider products from different origins. We found that 28% of the analysed wine samples contained cyprodinil residues at levels higher than 5 μg/L.     

基于断言的SoC设计验证方法

本文针对SoC设计方法学中如何有效、充分的功能验证问题,首先介绍了基于断言的验证方法学的定义及其所带来的好处,然后以一种断言验证语言--OVA作为具体的应用实例,通过仿真说明了断言验证是SoC设计功能验证的一种有效的方法,能够有效地提高验证效率.     

基于断言的硬件功能验证技术

针对排除芯片设计流程中RTL级的错误时,需要花费大量时间看仿真波形与日志文件的问题,本文介绍了基于断言的硬件功能验证技术的基础,以及利用断言技术在黑盒验证中测试一设备输出信号时的应用,总结了断言验证的优点,以及断言与半形式化验证结合的特点,断言技术与动态仿真、形式验证、激励自动生成等技术结合,能更快更有效的发现硬件设计过程中RTL级的错误,成为验证方法学的焦点.     

鸡蛋清卵白蛋白酶解工艺优化及其结构性质

研究鸡蛋清卵白蛋白的酶解工艺及其结构性质,以水解度为指标,确定最佳酶源为碱性蛋白酶,其水解度为26.55%,显著优于其他蛋白酶（P＜0.05）。以碱性蛋白酶酶解鸡蛋清卵白蛋白,采用单因素和五元二次正交旋转试验研究酶解工艺;针对酶解前后卵白蛋白的功能特性进行分析,并采用紫外扫描、傅里叶红外变换光谱、差示扫描量热针对卵白蛋白及其酶解产物进行结构表征。结果发现,碱性蛋白酶酶解鸡蛋清卵白蛋白最佳工艺条件为反应温度52.5 ℃、反应时间5 h、pH 8.25、酶用量5 500 U/g、底物添加量5%,此条件下水解度为27.88%。酶解后产物表面巯基含量降低了3.6 mol/（L·g）,溶解度大幅度提高,起泡性降低了18.18%,泡沫稳定性降低了20.24%,乳化活性指数升高了13.56 m2/g,乳化稳定性提高了10.46%。同时,酶解后的卵白蛋白肽链发生了裂解,有序的二级结构被破坏,暴露出更多氨基酸残基,α-螺旋略有减少,β-转角相应增加,亲水基团也相应的增加。