稀土固体超强酸Gd3+(Y3+)-SO42-/ZrO2催化、微波合成蔗糖脂肪酸酯

将稀土固体超强酸与微波辐射技术相结合研究蔗糖酯的合成，考察了微波辐射功率、反应时间、催化剂、乳化剂对反应的影响。结果表明，当辐射功率为390W、反应时问为20min时，稀土固体超强酸Gd^3＋（Y^3＋）-SO4^2-／ZrO2对合成蔗糖酯的催化活性优于常规催化剂无水碳酸钾。并且微波辐射使反应时间从传统减压加热4～8h缩短到常压反应20min。     

固体酸催化合成环烷酸高级酯的研究

研究以磷钨酸为催化剂，用直接酯化法以精制石油环烷酸和正十八醇为原料，合成环烷酸十八酯的工艺及精制方法．考察磷钨酸晶体结构及用量、反应温度、反应时间、酸醇摩尔比、带水剂用量对酯化收率的影响，并考察碱洗和脱色条件对产品质量的影响．     

新型磷酸酯型阻燃剂的制备

将三氯化磷与甲醇反应制得亚磷酸二甲酯，在强碱性(醇钠)条件下将其与丙烯酰胺进行共轭加成反应得到3—(二甲氧基磷铣基)丙酰胺，再将其与甲醛进行羟甲基化反应生成阻燃剂N—羟甲基—3—(二甲氧基磷铣基)丙酰胺，研究了上述反应的最佳反应条件和在纤维中的使用方法。     

复合氨基酸月桂醇酯的合成及性能

以菜籽粕水解制得的复合氨基酸浓缩液为原料,与月桂醇酯化制得复合氨基酸月桂醇酯.探讨了物料配比、反应时间、带水剂及催化剂对合成的影响,并对产品的表面活性进行了测定.结果表明:合成反应的最佳条件是月桂醇与复合氨基酸的摩尔比为1∶2.甲苯作带水剂(反应温度110～122℃),反应时间为4h,催化剂浓H2SO4的用量为复合氨基酸的8%,少量的聚乙二醇(PEG600)作相转移催化剂.制得的产品具有良好的泡沫稳定性.     

PVC/VC-co-VAc共混改性膜的研究

采用相转化法制备了PVC／VC-co-VAc共混膜，考察了不同聚合物浓度、共混比、添加剂用量、双组分添加剂等因素对膜分离性能的影响．借助于扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜的结构进行了研究。对孔的形成机理进行了探讨．     

微乳化法合成松香酸蔗糖酯及其应用性能研究

松香酸与乙醇在碱性催化剂作用下反应制备了松香酸乙酯.再以松香酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料,微乳化剂条件下,进行酯交换合成了松香酸蔗糖酯,考察了原料配比、反应温度,反应时间、催化剂的品种和用量、乳化剂及体系压力对松香酸蔗糖酯产率的影响,二次回归正交实验确定的松香酸蔗糖酯最佳合成条件为松香酸乙酯:蔗糖摩尔比为2.45:1,乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0.14:1,催化剂与反应物料质量比为0.045:1,反应温度93℃,压力4.86 kPa,反应时间3.45 h,产率为82.07%,单酯含量58.2%.产物具有良好的表面活性,其乳化能力和发泡能力与十二烷基硫酸钠相当,泡沫稳定性好.     

The Boundary Lubrication Properties of Model Esters

The friction of three chemically distinct esters was measured in order to determine how molecular architecture influences friction. The friction coefficients of mica surfaces separated by a thin film (<2 nm) of -chlorodecyl benzoate, -chlorodecyl pentafluoro benzoate, and -chlorodecyl perfluoro hexanoate were measured to be 0.15±0.015, 0.13±0.012, and 0.12±0.02, respectively. The friction coefficients for the esters are lower than the previously measured friction coefficients of simple hydrocarbon liquids such as n-tetradecane (=0.8), but are comparable to the friction coefficients of surfactant monolayer coated surfaces (=0.001–0.2). The results suggest that the ester molecules adsorb onto the mica surface with the (phenyl or hexyl) carbonyl next to the surface and the hydrocarbon tail pointing away from the surface. Hence, the friction is controlled by the packing density and properties of the hydrocarbon tail. Changes in the chemistry and structure of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester only give rise to small changes in the friction coefficient.     

含酯键和烷氧基胺的两亲性嵌段聚合物胶束的制备及聚焦超声响应行为

以聚乙二醇单甲醚(m PEG)为亲水段,聚丙二醇单丁醚(PPG)为疏水段,用酯键(COO)和烷氧基胺(CON)将它们连接在一起制得了两亲性嵌段聚合物PEG-COO-CON-HDI-PPG。采用核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行了表征。通过选择性溶剂诱导法制备了嵌段聚合物胶束,研究了聚合物胶束在高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)下的响应行为。结果表明,超声可使烷氧基胺均裂和酯键水解;用该胶束包覆药物,可以实现对药物的超声控制释放。     

Biodiesel production from two stage esterification of simarouba glauca seed oil and its characterization

In this work, biodiesel was produced from simarouba glauca seed oil through a two-stage acid-alkali esterification process. Concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide were used as catalysts for acid and alkaline catalyzed esterification process, respectively. The free fatty acid content of the oil was reduced from 3.5 to 0.2%. The major properties of oil and its biodiesel were studied. Upon two-stage esterification, kinematic viscosity was reduced from 45.75 to 3.1 cSt and the acid value was reduced from 6.9348 to 0.4 mg KOH/g. The measured physio-chemical properties are within the limits set by ASTM biodiesel standards.     

Properties of novel diallyl phthalate resin modified with sulfur‐containing allyl ester compounds

Sulfur‐containing allyl ester, which reacts with diallyl phthalate (DAP) resin to have allyl groups, was synthesized by the reaction of allyl phthalic acid with bisphenol having sulfur atoms. The sulfur‐containing allyl ester compound was blended with DAP resin to improve the adhesive properties to copper. By modification with sulfur‐containing allyl ester compound, the T‐peel adhesive strength and the lap shear adhesive strength to copper was improved. In particular, the adhesive strength was greatly improved when the resin was modified with the allyl ester compound having a disulfide bond (?S?S?) (DADS). It is concluded that this result is due to the improvement of the interfacial adhesive strength because the sulfur atom was found to be located in the surface of the copper by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The glass transition temperature (T_g) and the thermal decomposition temperature (T_d) of the cured DAP resin modified with DADS slightly decreased with increasing concentration of DADS. The lowering of T_g is because the crosslinking density of the DAP resin modified with DADS is smaller than that of DAP resin. Moreover, from thermogravimetric analysis, the lowering of Td of the DAP resin modified with DADS is because DADS is likely to pyrolyze. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry