生物基胺固化的可降解、可重加工环氧树脂

对基于香草醛的可降解缩水甘油醚 (DEPVD)胺解得到生物基可降解胺(DAPVD)，再与樟脑酸缩水甘油酯(DGECA)固化得到环氧树脂。采用红外光谱(FTIR)对DAPVD的结构进行了表征，并制备了树脂样条及碳纤维复合材料，通过动态机械分析(DMA)、拉伸测试、应力松弛测试、降解实验、热重分析(TGA)等手段对环氧树脂的性能进行了表征，并使用拉曼光谱验证了碳纤维的回收效果。结果表明：固化剂中含有的螺环缩醛结构赋予了环氧树脂可降解的特性，而固化反应中原位形成的β羟基叔胺结构在加工温度下可以参与动态酯交换反应，赋予了环氧树脂自修复和可重加工的功能。此外，基于环氧树脂良好的降解性能，制得的碳纤维复合材料在经过0.1M H+酸性溶液中50℃/48h处理后，高价值的碳纤维可以完全回收。     

邻苯二甲酸810酯的非酸性催化合成

以氧化亚锡和钛酸四丁酯的混合物为催化剂,用正交设计法考察了酯化温度、醇酐比、反应时间及催化剂用量等因素对合成邻苯二甲酸810酯反应的影响。结果表明:在230℃,醇酐比为2.5,反应时间3h,催化剂用量为4‰苯酐的条件下,邻苯二甲酸810酯的酯化率平均可达98.7%。     

稀土固体超强酸Nd_2O_3-Fe_2O_3/SO_4~(2-)的制备、表征及催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的研究

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法(GNP)制备稀土复合氧化物粉体Nd2 O3 -Fe2 O3 ,用不同浓度的硫酸浸渍,经焙烧、活化,制得固体超强酸Nd2 O3 -Fe2 O3 /SO2 -4。通过XRD等对超强酸物相及微结构进行了表征;通过邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的催化合成,研究了催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,最佳催化剂的组成是Nd∶Fe物质的量比为1∶2 0 ;活化温度6 0 0℃;浸渍酸浓度2 .0mol·L-1;活化时间4h。优化反应条件下,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的产率为98. 8%。     

Synthesis of triacylglycerol from polyunsaturated fatty acid by immobilized lipase

More than 95% of polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) was converted to triacylglycerol by immobilized lipase fromCandida antarctica orRhizomucor miehei. The esterification was carried out at 50–60°C with shaking and dehydration for 24 h. The substrates consisted of glycerol and free fatty acid or ethyl esters of the fatty acid at a 1∶3 molar ratio. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the substrate polymerized during the reaction, and they required 5–10% more than the stoichiometric amount to compensate for the PUFA loss. On the contrary, ethyl esters of DHA and EPA were not polymerized. Pure tridocosahexaenoyl, trieicosapentaenoly and triarachidonoyl glycerol were isolated after passing the product through a basic aluminum oxide column. Industrial feasibility of this process was discussed for the ethyl ester as substrate. Portions of this article were presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry and at the annual meeting of The Japan Oil Chemists' Society held in Kyoto, Japan, March 31, 1991, and in Hamamatsu, Japan, October 4, 1991, respectively.     

Fatty methyl ester hydrogenation to fatty alcohol part II: Process issues

Fatty alcohols are produced by hydrogenating fatty methyl esters in slurry phase in the presence of copper chromite catalyst at temperatures of 250–300°C and hydrogen pressures of 2000–3000 psi. The fatty methyl ester, catalyst, and hydrogen are fed to the reactor cocurrently. The product slurry is passed through gas-liquid separators and then through a continuous filtration system for removal of the catalyst. A portion of the used catalyst in crude alcohol is recycled to the hydrogenator. The overall efficiency of the process depends upon the intrinsic activity, life, and filterability of the catalyst. The fatty alcohol producer therefore requires a catalyst with high activity, long life, and good separation properties. The main goal of the present laboratory investigation was to develop a superior copper chromite catalyst for the slurry-phase process. Two copper chromite catalysts, prepared by different procedures, were tested for methyl ester hydrogenolysis activity, reusability, and filtration characteristics. The reaction was carried out in a batch autoclave at 280°C and 2000–3000 psi hydrogen pressure. The reaction rates were calculated by assuming a kinetic mechanism that was first-order in methyl ester concentration. The catalyst with the narrower particle size distribution was 30% more active, filtered faster, and maintained activity for several more uses than the catalyst with the broader particle size distribution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data showed higher surface copper concentrations for the former catalyst.     

羧酸酯合成新型催化剂的研究

研究了对甲苯磺酸、硫酸铁、硫酸铈作为催化剂在羧酸酯（丁酸乙酯）合成中的应用。实验表明，这些催化剂具有较好的催化活性，可使酯化反应大大缩短，收率明显提高。     

低温固化静电植绒胶的研制

以丙烯酸系单体和环氧树脂为原料、OP和十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂、K2S2O8为引发剂、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)和甲基丙烯酸为交联剂,采用乳液聚合,在80±1℃、200～300～200r/min变速搅拌下,合成了自交联型可低温固化的静电植绒胶。应用该胶静电植绒时,在80℃的烘干条件下,仅需5min即可固化。由该胶所制得的植绒产品干磨4000次不见底;湿磨1300次不见底;柔软度3 8cm,达到或优于静电植绒织物FZ/T64011-2001标准。     

共聚醚酯型EDDP熔体流变性的研究

采用HAAKERHEOCORD90型流变仪研究了共聚醚酯型EDDP熔体在265℃、275℃、285℃三种温度下的流变性，并与常规PET树脂的流变性进行比较，结果表明：EDDP熔体属切力变稀流体；EDDP熔体的流动性比PET熔体好；EDDP熔体的粘流活化能比PET熔体的低。     

聚乙二醇600油酸酯作为气相色谱固定液的研究与应用

本文用聚乙二醇600和油酸合成了聚乙二醇600油酸酯非离子型表面活性剂，精制后作为气相色谱固定液，制备成色谱柱。测定此固定液的最高使用温度、相对极性。对一些混合物组分的分离效果表明了此固定液具有良好的应用性能，是一种新型的气相色谱固定液。     

Incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids into groundnut oil by lipase-catalyzed ester interchange

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were incorporated into groundnut oil by interesterification with a 1,3-specific lipase fromMucor miehei. The resultant EPA and DHA concentrations of the groundnut oil were 9.5 and 8.0%, respectively.