In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to describe the photocatalytic degradation of VOCs in a packed bed reactor.
Here, the adsorption of VOCs on the wall of the reactor is taken into account and the diffusion of VOCs in the axial direction
is neglected. First-order kinetics is used to describe the photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs. The analytical solution of the
present model is obtained by traveling wave method. The solution shows that the reactor performance is totally dependent on
the inlet concentration of VOCs when the time is large enough. The present model is validated through the experimental result
of the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene in a packed bed and the predicted results accord well with the experimental
data. The influence of flow rate and inlet concentration on the performance of the reactor is discussed in detail. High flow
rate offers high reaction rate and low conversion efficiency. The different inlet conditions and different reaction patterns
are also investigated. The model would be useful to estimate the rate constant and help to the design of the reactor. 相似文献
The present study investigates the decomposition of N-Methyl-2-Pyrolidone (NMP) using conventional ozonation (O3), ozonation in the presence of UV light (UV/O3), hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2), and UV/H2O2 processes under various experimental conditions. The influence of solution pH, ozone gas flow dosage, and H2O2 dosage on the degradation of NMP was studied. All ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were efficient in alkaline medium, whereas the UV/H2O2 process was efficient in acidic medium. Increasing ozone gas flow dosage would accelerate the degradation of NMP up to certain level beyond which no positive effect was observed in ozonation as well as UV light enhanced ozonation processes. Hydrogen peroxide dosage strongly influenced the degradation of NMP and a hydrogen peroxide dosage of 0.75 g/L and 0.5 g/L was found to be the optimum dosage in UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2 processes, respectively. The UV/O3 process was most efficient in TOC removal. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and ozone-based AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of NMP in wastewater. 相似文献
Advanced oxidation processes are defined as those which involve the generation of hydroxyl radicals in sufficient quantity to affect water purification. The theoretical and (practical yield of OH from O3 at high pH, 03/H202, O3/UV and H2O2/UV systems is reviewed. New data is presented which illustrates the importance of direct photolysis in the O3/UV process, the effect of the H202:03 ratio in the O3/H2O2 process, and the impact of the low extinction coefficient of H2O2 in the H202/UV process. 相似文献
Five different types of three-phase reactors are compared with each other by using oxidation of sulfur dioxide on activated carbon. The kinetic measurements were carried out by changing concentrations of sulfur dioxide from 0.04 to 0.17% (volume) and those of oxygen from 2 to 21%. The reaction rate was 0.2 order with respect to sulfur dioxide and 0.5 order with respect to oxygen. The catalytic effectiveness factor and intraparticle diffusivity were evaluated by changing particle sizes of activated carbon from 0.03 to 1.6 mm. Resistances of gas-liquid, liquid-solid mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion were estimated for individual reactors. The optimum reactor was dependent on operating conditions such as gas flow rates, rotating speeds and particle sizes. 相似文献
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) can be efficiently used as support of ruthenium catalysts for the catalytic wet air oxidation of high strength wastewater containing aniline. Catalysts were prepared using different ruthenium precursors, Ruthenocene [Ru(η5-C5H5)2], Ruthenium (1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene) [Ru(cod)(cot)] and Ruthenium trichloride (RuCl3 · xH2O), different impregnation methods (excess solution and incipient wetness impregnation) and different MWCNT support surface chemistry (nitric acid oxidized MWCNT-COOH and Na2CO3 ion exchanged MWCNT-COONa). The efficiency of the aniline removal obtained with the catalysts prepared with different precursors decreases in the order [Ru(cod)(cot)] > RuCl3 · xH2O > [Ru(η5-C5H5)2], 100% aniline conversion being obtained after 45 min of reaction with the catalyst prepared with [Ru(cod)(cot)]. The influence of the impregnation technique was found to be negligible, while the use of the MWCNT-COONa support led to increased catalyst performances when compared to that obtained with catalysts prepared with the MWCNT-COOH support. Leaching of ruthenium was observed in all cases, but the use of the precursor [Ru(cod)(cot)] and of the support MWCNT-COONa in the preparation of the catalysts seems to improve their stability. A direct relationship between metal load and catalyst stability was found and attributed to the strength of metal-support interactions. 相似文献
Efficient and selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by potassium permanganate supported on Kieselguhr reagent under solvent free conditions are reported. 相似文献
The oxidation of iron and manganese by ozone was studied in the laboratory. Model waters both with and without organic matter were used. Results showed iron to be very rapidly oxidized to an insoluble form in the absence of organic matter. However, in the presence of organic matter the iron was protected from oxidation by ozone and precipitation. The degree to which this occurred depended on the nature of the organic matter and the chemical environment at the time of mixing the iron stock and the dissolved organic matter.
Experiments with manganese allowed the determination of second order rate constants for the reaction of ozone with manganese at various pH values. The oxidation of manganese in the presence of organic matter occurred in competition with oxidation of the organic matter. As a result, high ozone doses were required to achieve the same degree of removal of manganese. An increase in bicarbonate alkalinity from 50 mg/L to 200 mg/L did not result in an acceleration of the manganese oxidation in the absence of organic matter. However, in the presence of organic matter, higher levels of bicarbonate created conditions that resulted in more complete oxidation of the manganese following total consumption of the dosed ozone. 相似文献
The oxidation behavior is very different for an aluminide with a wide homogeneity range such as -NiAl than for a line compound such as NbAl3.Oxidation of -NiAl at temperatures 1273 K leads to a slow-growing -alumina layer. The metal phase beneath the scale remains as -NiAl; however, cavity formation is observed. The cavity formation may be favored by sulphur surface segregation. Oxidation of NbAl3at temperatures 1273 K initially leads to -Al2O3,but the Al depletion causes the formation of Nb2Al beneath the oxide layer. Cracking of the Al2O3layer opens Nb2Al to the atmosphere, which oxidizes rapidly to Nb2O5 and NbAlO4.After consumption of the Nb2Al, a layer of Al2O3formed again on the NbAl3phase, but failure of the alumina and the fast growth of the other oxides occur as a repeated process. Thus, NbAl3exhibited rapid linear oxidation kinetics. Multiphase alloys in the system Nb-Ni-Al generally behave better than NbAl3,and the low oxidation rates of -NiAl can be approached. In the temperature range below 1273 K, with a maximum at 1000 K, both NiAl and NbAl3show the pest phenomenon, an intergranular disintegration. Preceding the disintegration, oxygen diffuses into the grain boundaries of the material and Al2O3is formed at the grain boundaries, beginning from the surface region. NiAl is susceptible only in a very limited range of oxygen pressures and temperatures, whereas NbAl3is much more susceptible. 相似文献