蒸煮贻贝冰温贮藏保鲜剂的筛选、优化及评价

目的 筛选用于改善冰温贮藏蒸煮贻贝品质、延长蒸煮贻贝保质期的生物保鲜剂,对复合保鲜剂的配方及保鲜工艺进行优化,并评价其保鲜效果。方法 通过测定保鲜剂作用于贻贝优势腐败菌的抑菌圈大小,筛选出抑菌效果较强的保鲜剂,运用响应面法优化复合保鲜剂配方,采用肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(minimuminhibitoryconcentration,MIC);利用正交实验确定复合保鲜剂用于蒸煮贻贝保鲜的最佳工艺;通过测定蒸煮贻贝冰温贮藏8 d后的感官评分、pH、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)含量、菌落总数、汁液流失率来评价复合保鲜剂的效果。结果 筛选出的3种保鲜剂分别为溶酶菌、乳酸链球菌素和丁香酚,复合保鲜剂对枯草芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌的MIC分别为16、8μg/mL,复合保鲜剂的优化配方(质量分数)为溶菌酶4%、乳酸链球菌素2%和丁香酚0.75%,最佳保鲜工艺为保鲜剂溶液p H 5.5、料液比1:2.5 (m:V)、浸泡时间60 min,采用优化的配方和工艺用于蒸煮贻贝的冰温贮藏,贻贝品质的综合评分为空白样品的2倍。结论 复合保鲜剂可以有效改善蒸...     

碳酸氢钠与酶制剂共用制备无铝油条

为了开发新型无铝酶制剂膨松剂以取代传统含铝膨松剂,研究了葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)、戊聚糖酶、脂肪酶和真菌α-淀粉酶4种酶制剂与小苏打复配在油条中的应用。采用感官评分、计算体积膨胀率和质构分析的方法对油条的品质进行了评估。结果显示:在面粉中添加酶制剂能有效改善油条产品的品质;GOD、戊聚糖酶、脂肪酶和真菌α-淀粉酶与小苏打共用的最佳添加量分别是80μg/g、80μg/g、20μg/g和40～80μg/g。其中以添加了GOD的产品感官评分总分和体积膨胀率最佳,其质构特性的各项参数指标达到传统含铝膨松剂配方的产品水平。     

Effect of the surface modification of the synthetic meshes used in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse on the tissue adhesion and clinical functionality

Stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse represent important conditions affecting adult women’s health. Lately, the properties and performance of the polymer materials used in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse have been improved by modulating from their formula. Materials investigated in our study are polypropylene meshes used by clinicians in surgical treatment of urinary incontinence and utero-vaginal prolapse. In order to make a comparative analysis, we confronted the structure and surface morphology of native synthetic polypropylene meshes with explanted fragments from the same mesh type after clinical use. FTIR investigations revealed little change in structure after implantation, somehow insignificant. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrates modification in surface morphology even just by passing through the transobturator passage, whereas after implantation the surface deteriorates. SEM on explanted meshes proves the encapsulation process of the mesh to be more similar to a foreign body reaction rather than to the adhesion and integration of the synthetic mesh into the organism. Histological analysis of the surrounding tissues near explanted mesh was made in some relevant clinical cases, because the tissue response is an important factor in order to evaluate the tissue adhesion at the polypropylene mesh surface. Based on our experiments and clinical experience we’ve designed an adhesion score. It applies to meshes used in pelvic organ prolapse surgery measuring the following important factors: tenacity, extent of adhesion, macroscopic and microscopic aspects and ease of dissection from surrounding tissues.     

Using comparison data to differentiate categorical and dimensional data by examining factor score distributions: Resolving the mode problem.

Factor-analytic research is common in the study of constructs and measures in psychological assessment. Latent factors can represent traits as continuous underlying dimensions or as discrete categories. When examining the distributions of estimated scores on latent factors, one would expect unimodal distributions for dimensional data and bimodal or multimodal distributions for categorical data. Unfortunately, identifying modes is subjective, and the operationalization of counting local maxima has not performed very well. Rather than locating and counting modes, the authors propose performing parallel analyses of categorical and dimensional comparison data and calculating an index of the relative fit of these competing structural models. In an extensive Monte Carlo study, the authors replicated prior results for mode counting and found that trimming distributions' tails helped. However, parallel analyses of comparison data achieved much greater accuracy, improved base rate estimation, and afforded consistency checks with other taxometric procedures. Two additional studies apply this approach to empirical data either known to be categorical or presumed to be dimensional. Each study supports this new method for factor-analytic research on the latent structure of constructs and measures in psychological assessment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Unraveling the genetic architecture of environmental variance of somatic cell score using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism and cow data from experimental farms

In recent years, it has been shown that not only is the phenotype under genetic control, but also the environmental variance. Very little, however, is known about the genetic architecture of environmental variance. The main objective of this study was to unravel the genetic architecture of the mean and environmental variance of somatic cell score (SCS) by identifying genome-wide associations for mean and environmental variance of SCS in dairy cows and by quantifying the accuracy of genome-wide breeding values. Somatic cell score was used because previous research has shown that the environmental variance of SCS is partly under genetic control and reduction of the variance of SCS by selection is desirable. In this study, we used 37,590 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes and 46,353 test-day records of 1,642 cows at experimental research farms in 4 countries in Europe. We used a genomic relationship matrix in a double hierarchical generalized linear model to estimate genome-wide breeding values and genetic parameters. The estimated mean and environmental variance per cow was used in a Bayesian multi-locus model to identify SNP associated with either the mean or the environmental variance of SCS. Based on the obtained accuracy of genome-wide breeding values, 985 and 541 independent chromosome segments affecting the mean and environmental variance of SCS, respectively, were identified. Using a genomic relationship matrix increased the accuracy of breeding values relative to using a pedigree relationship matrix. In total, 43 SNP were significantly associated with either the mean (22) or the environmental variance of SCS (21). The SNP with the highest Bayes factor was on chromosome 9 (Hapmap31053-BTA-111664) explaining approximately 3% of the genetic variance of the environmental variance of SCS. Other significant SNP explained less than 1% of the genetic variance. It can be concluded that fewer genomic regions affect the environmental variance of SCS than the mean of SCS, but genes with large effects seem to be absent for both traits.     

如何利用临床资料进行回顾性队列研究

临床病例资源丰富,但往往存在基线资料不全、非随机分组导致混杂因素多、失访率高等问题,限制了临床医生利用这些数据开展研究。采用限制、配对、分层、多因素分析、倾向性评分等多种方法可以克服已有临床病例资料的固有缺陷,从而得出可靠结论。本文从队列研究的设计、分析、论文撰写等方面阐述如何进行高质量的临床研究。     

基于Parzen核估计的ICA算法及其性能分析

基于概率密度非参数估计的Parzen核估计，提出了一种新的独立成分分析（1CA）算法，实现了对源信号分布的全“盲”要求。该算法由观测信号样本出发，实现了对分离信号评价函数的直接估计，从而在一定程度上解决了1CA算法中如何选取估计信号评价函数的难题且能对任意的源混合信号（包括：超高斯与亚高斯分布，对称与非对称分布）进行有效盲分离。模拟实验从统计性质和计算时间2个方面说明了所提算法的性能。     

基于小波变换的锥体类弹头目标HRRP特征稳定性研究

在分析锥体类弹头目标的高分辨距离像（HRRP）强散射点越距离单元走动的基础上，通过小波多尺度分解，平滑了HRRP中强峰值的位移和幅度的起伏，使得HRRP的相似性在较大方位角范围内得到稳定和提高。通过仿真和实测数据，使用最大相关匹配法，得到了较高的识别率和相关性。     

Improving phrase-based statistical machine translation with morphosyntactic transformation

We present a phrase-based statistical machine translation approach which uses linguistic analysis in the preprocessing phase. The linguistic analysis includes morphological transformation and syntactic transformation. Since the word-order problem is solved using syntactic transformation, there is no reordering in the decoding phase. For morphological transformation, we use hand-crafted transformational rules. For syntactic transformation, we propose a transformational model based on a probabilistic context-free grammar. This model is trained using a bilingual corpus and a broad-coverage parser of the source language. This approach is applicable to language pairs in which the target language is poor in resources. We considered translation from English to Vietnamese and from English to French. Our experiments showed significant BLEU-score improvements in comparison with Pharaoh, a state-of-the-art phrase-based SMT system.