α/β复合成核剂调控聚丙烯结晶过程的研究进展

综述了3类广泛应用的α/β复合成核剂对聚丙烯结晶动力学、结晶形态及宏观性能等方面影响的研究进展。总结了影响α/β复合成核剂调控聚丙烯结晶的主要因素在于两种成核剂的成核能力,具体表现为其成核聚丙烯结晶温度(TC)的高低:TC高的成核剂在聚丙烯结晶过程中起主导作用,TC低的成核剂基本不起成核作用,当两者的TC相接近时发生竞争成核。根据这一规律,找出了复合α、β两种成核剂的方法,并列举将其运用到调控聚丙烯的结晶过程中的实例。     

抗氧化剂α-硫辛酸的生物合成研究进展

α-硫辛酸及其还原态二氢硫辛酸具有极强的抗氧化性,可改善葡萄糖代谢,减弱氧化应激,对糖尿病性白内障、糖尿病多发性神经病及心血管损伤等糖尿病并发症具有较好的预防和治疗作用。概述了α-硫辛酸的作用机制、生物合成途径及应用,重点综述了具有良好应用前景的生物法生产α-硫辛酸工艺。     

重症肺炎支原体肺炎肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平观察

目的检测重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchial tube pul monary alveolus syringe fluid,BALF）中肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（Interleukin-6,IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（In-terleukin-8,IL-8）白细胞介素-10（Interleukin-10,IL-10）浓度,探讨其临床意义。方法收住ICU的重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者36例,其CPIS评分〉6分为CPIS高分组共15例,CPIS评分〈6分为CPIS低分组共21例;正常对照组24例。取支气管肺泡灌洗液检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平。结果重症肺炎支原体肺炎无论CPIS高分组和CPIS低分组支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,CPIS高分组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平高于CPIS低分组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,CPIS高分组IL-10水平稍高于CPIS低分组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2组治疗后恢复期TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均明显下降（P〈0.01）。结论 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10在重症肺炎的发生发展中起重要作用,是重症肺炎支原体肺炎诊断的重要因素之一。利用支气管肺泡灌洗液检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平变化对临床诊断治疗及预后有一定的临床价值。     

Experimental study of neutron counting in a zero-power reactor driven by a neutron source inherent in highly enriched uranium fuels

Even a zero-power reactor core containing highly enriched uranium has a weak neutron source inherent in uranium 235, and consequently, a neutron counter placed closely to the core without external neutron source registers a certain counting rate. The study of the counting is very important for zero-power reactor physics experiments with a high precision. In this experimental study, first, at a shutdown state of the UTR-Kinki reactor without start-up neutron source, a pulse height distribution of output signals from a neutron proportional counter was measured to confirm that these signals resulted from neutron detections. At several subcritical states of the UTR, then, the Feynman-α analysis was carried out to confirm that the neutrons detected by the counter must be fission neutrons multiplied by fission chain reactions. The correlation amplitude measured in the Feynman-α analysis was much higher than that measured in a previous drive by start-up source. Further, it was also confirmed that the subcriticality dependence of neutron counting rate followed the source multiplication formula. This feature indicated that the one-point model was very successful in the subcritical range including the shutdown state.     

Centrifugal partition chromatography applied to the isolation of oak wood aroma precursors

Flavours extracted from oak wood during barrel ageing contribute to the organoleptic character of wines and spirits. The aim of this work was to identify the glycosidic precursors of the key volatile compounds responsible for oak wood aroma. Oak extract is a very complex matrix and, furthermore, precursors are present in very small quantities. Preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a promising solution for purifying the oak extract. The solvent system was selected on the basis of the partition coefficient of glycosidase enzyme activity (K_ca). Thanks to the efficacy of CPC separation, three glucoside gallates were subsequently isolated by HPLC chromatography. Vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (macarangioside E) were isolated and identified. This was the first time that vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was identified and the first time that macarangioside E was isolated from oak wood. Heating macarangioside E resulted in the formation of megastigmatrienone, which has an aroma reminiscent of tobacco.     

发酵糙米的加工工艺

对用酵母发酵糙米的工艺进行研究。以糙米粉为试验材料,添加水、蜂蜜、盐、大麦芽粉为底物,采用活性酵母液进行发酵试验。以淀粉酶活力作为试验指标,设计包含培养基加水量、发酵温度、时间和接种量四个因素水平,通过正交试验确定糙米发酵培养基的最佳配方和最佳发酵条件。优化的工艺条件为加水量为150%,酵母接种量为4%,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为为4 h。糙米酵素中的α-淀粉酶含量最高,达到485 U/g。     

五种中草药水溶性多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响

从山茱萸、知母、甘草、地榆及诃子中提取水溶性多糖,并通过酶抑制动力学反应考察其对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响。酶动力学反应结果表明:地榆多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶有激活作用;知母多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性随时间的变化先激活后抑制;山茱萸多糖、甘草多糖及诃子多糖均对α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制活性,其中抑制活性最好的是甘草多糖,其抑制率为72.5%;其各自的影响机理还有待进一步研究。     

真姬菇菌丝体发酵藜麦产物中多糖的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性

利用真姬菇发酵藜麦,通过单因素试验优化发酵物中多糖的提取条件,并将提取的多糖进一步分离纯化,分别测定多糖纯化前后的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性。试验结果表明:酶解辅助提取法较优,多糖提取量为(207.67±2.52)mg/g。对提取到的多糖分离纯化后得到4种多糖组分。未纯化多糖(unpurified polysaccharide,UP)对DPPH和羟基自由基清除效果较其他组分显著,最高清除率达到28.95%与43.36%;中性多糖(neutral polysaccharide,NP)对ABTS+自由基清除效果最为明显,最高值达到了51.22%。酸性多糖-0.1(acid polysaccharide-0.1,AP-0.1)对枯草芽孢杆菌来源的α-淀粉酶的抑制效果最强,最高抑制率为60.22%;酸性多糖-0.5(acid polysaccharide-0.5,AP-0.5)对猪胰腺来源的α-淀粉酶抑制能力较显著,最高抑制率为50.36%。结果表明真姬菇与藜麦发酵产物多糖具有一定的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,为其在功能性食品添加剂方向的应用提供了数据基础。     

聚α-烯烃的性能及应用

聚α-烯烃是综合性能良好的合成润滑材料。简要介绍了聚α-烯烃的性能特点及在润滑油中的应用。