Effects of Salting, Drying, Cooking, and Smoking Operations on Volatile Compound Formation and Color Patterns in Pork

ABSTRACT: The traditional small-scale production of boucané, a cured smoked pork-belly product from Réunion, involves several unit operations that are performed in a single step. The aim of this study was to highligh the impact of 4 unit operations (salting, drying, cooking, and smoking) on stability, color, and flavor development in processed pork. These characateristics are the 3 main criteria of boucané's quality. Mass transfer, color, and volatile compounds were measured, analyzed, and compared in 4 products. Results indicated that a major quantity of volatile compounds detected in the processed meat were derived from the smoking process. Color variations were mainly explained by muscle pigment modification due to the cooking process, and by the input of volatile compounds of smoke.     

Accumulation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in cured pork sausages treated with propolis extracts

Propolis collected by bees has many components that possess antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Cured ground pork meat was treated separately with 0.4% w/w ethanol‐extracted propolis (EEP 0.4%), 0.6% w/w water‐extracted propolis (WEP 0.6%), 0.8% w/w dried residue of ethanol‐extracted propolis (DREEP 0.8%) and 0.1% w/w potassium sorbate (PS 0.1%) and made into sausages. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the sausages to assess the effects of storage at 5, 10 and 20 °C after 0, 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of storage at 5 °C the sausages treated with EEP 0.4%, DREEP 0.8%, WEP 0.6% and PS 0.1% yielded TBARS values which were 50, 59, 35 and 91% respectively of the control value. There was an increase of 0.33 mg MDA kg^?1, the lowest of all treatments, in TBARS for the 0.4% w/w EEP‐treated sausages. The curing process will control microbiological spoilage, as will potassium sorbate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Bacteriological Safety of Swine Carcasses Treated with Reconditioned Water

Swine carcass microflora were evaluated for selected foodborne pathogens after exposure to reconditioned water during scalding, dehairing, and polishing operations. Reused water had been reconditioned and chlorinated. Rodac plates applied to hams were used to assess carcass microflora. Water samples were enumerated using membrane filtration or spiral plating. Sampling was at mid-week throughout the year. Total aerobic plate counts on hams were unaffected by treating with potable or reconditioned waters. No differences were observed for staphylococci, enterics, fecal streptococci, Listeria monocytogenes, coliforms, and Aeromonas levels. A preevisceration potable water carcass wash reduced the bacterial load, regardless of initial treatment. Bacterial counts on carcasses paralleled those in water. Reuse is an alternative to potable water for initial slaughter operations without diminishing bacteriologic safety.     

红烧肉烹饪工艺及其影响因素研究

采用正交试验,对扬州家常红烧肉的烹制过程中的色拉油、酱油、黄酒和白砂糖的基本配比以及加水量、焖焙温度、焖焙时间等工艺参数进行优化研究。结果表明,家常红烧肉最佳配比为：五花肉1000g：盐6g：葱20g：姜20g：色拉油100g：老抽王40g：黄酒100g：白砂糖40g;其烹制过程为：将1000g五花肉煸炒出油,加水300g大火烧开后,选用锅底温度100℃焖焙60min,最后大火收汁,这样烹制的红烧肉综合感官评价得分最高。     

基于人体嗅觉特征的猪肉新鲜度仿生电子鼻检测技术

借鉴成人鼻腔的特殊结构及其嗅觉原理设计出具有仿生意义的气体室。根据猪肉产生的气味和传感器实验,合理选择气敏传感器。采用支持向量机(SVM)作为模式识别方法。经理化试验证明系统检测猪肉新鲜度准确率达96.45%,结果表明设计的仿生电子鼻系统检测猪肉新鲜度是可行的。     

超声波协同氯化钙对油炸猪肉片嫩度和感官品质的影响

探讨不同超声波强度协同不同浓度Ca Cl2溶液对油炸猪肉片的嫩度和感官品质的影响。以质构、剪切力、水分含量、感官评定为测定指标,肉片经预处理、挂糊、油炸、冷却、复炸后测定肉制品的各个指标。结果表明:单独使用超声波或氯化钙对肉片的嫩度、水分含量、感官影响都不明显,超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%对肉片质构影响最大,硬度下降了34%,粘度增加40%;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%实验组的肉片剪切力比对照组下降了10.61N;超声强度180w/m2协同Ca Cl210%的肉片水分含量增加23.31%;超声强度200w/m2协同Ca Cl25%感官评定的总分最高为62分。     

猪肉盐溶蛋白提取条件的优化研究

为提高猪肉盐溶蛋白的提取率,分别对NaCl溶液浓度、MgCl2溶液浓度、NaH2PO4添加量和pH值4个因素进行单因素实验和正交试验.利用考马斯亮蓝法测定猪肉盐溶液中的蛋白含量.按L9（3）4正交表进行正交试验,利用SPSS16.0软件进行正交分析,结果表明,猪肉盐溶蛋白的优化提取条件为：NaCl溶液浓度0.8 mol/L,MgCl2溶液浓度0.04 mol/L,NaH2PO4添加量4 g/kg,pH值7.0.     

猪肉新鲜度无损检测技术现状及发展方向

随着科学技术的不断发展,猪肉新鲜度无损检测技术不断向快速、无损、实时的方向发展．本文主要研究猪肉新鲜度无损检测方法的发展现状,包括近红外光谱检测技术、人工嗅觉和人工味觉检测技术、计算机视觉检测技术等检测技术,并着重讨论计算机视觉技术在猪肉新鲜度无损检测中的应用．最后,针对猪肉新鲜度无损检测现阶段存在的问题提出了多信息融合检测技术及其应用．     

辐照技术在猪肉加工制品中的应用

详细阐述了辐照技术对猪肉加工制品的感官和成品中的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等成分的影响.并对辐照技术在猪肉加工制品中,延长保存期和安全性等关键作用方面做了论述.用10kGy以下辐照剂量处理过的食品,其风味、色泽,内部的蛋白质、脂肪和维生素等基本保持稳定,同时可以有效地延长猪肉加工制品的保存期.     

生姜、洋葱、丁香提取物对猪肉的保鲜效果

以蒸馏水处理的猪肉为对照,研究生姜、洋葱、丁香提取物及其等体积混合制成的混合液以及化学防腐剂2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚对猪肉保鲜效果的影响.用体积分数95％的乙醇浸提其中的有效成分,冷却猪肉分别在各组保鲜液中浸泡4 min,沥干后用聚乙烯保鲜袋密封包装,最后在4℃冰箱冷藏12d,每3d测定1次感官评分、汁液流失率、...