制汤工艺条件对猪排骨蛋白质溶出率的影响

以排骨蛋白质溶出率为指标,通过单因素试验及正交实验优化排骨汤煮制的工艺条件。结果表明:传统瓦罐煲汤法的骨水比例1:6(g:mL),煮沸后恒温120min,蛋白质的溶出率为19.73%。压力锅炖汤法的压力0.10MPa,骨水比例1:3(g:mL),煮制180min,蛋白质的溶出率达52.82%。木瓜蛋白酶用量2.4%,骨水比例1:4(g:mL),50℃,pH7.0,酶解420min,蛋白质的溶出率达到71.86%。3种制汤方法中酶解制汤法最佳,其水解液无苦味,色泽金黄,具有浓郁的排骨汤香味。     

不同部位宁乡花猪肉风干香肠挥发性风味成分的鉴定与分析

为了解宁乡花猪独特肉质特性在其风干香肠制品香气形成中的作用,以取自四个不同部位的宁乡花猪肉制成的风干香肠为研究对象,采用固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用技术（solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatographymass spectrometry,SPME/GC-MS）对其挥发性风味成分进行提取、鉴定及分析。共鉴定出35种挥发性风味成分,其中醇类2种、醛类18种、酯类6种、烃类7种及其他类化合物2种。醛类、酯类及烃类在各样品中的种类及含量最丰富,是宁乡花猪肉风干香肠的特征风味成分。分析表明,醛类及酯类对产品的香气贡献最大,且其丰富度与宁乡花猪肉高油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸的特性密切相关。不过,这种作用在不同部位猪肉制成的风干香肠制品间存在明显的差异。      

水猪肉与注水肉的综合判定及处理

本文介绍了水猪肉和注水肉的本质区别 ,着重阐述了水猪肉的概念及形成机理和影响因素     

叉烧肉软包装的加工研究

探讨了以传统叉烧肉工艺为基础,以鲜瘦肉为原料,经过多道工序生产的一种口味多样的即食产品的配方、工艺、包装,并探讨了生产工艺的几个关键问题.产品的特点是滋味鲜美、口感细腻,不油腻,肉香浓郁,风味独特,开袋即食.     

燕麦麸添加量对燕麦麸猪肉丸品质的影响

为采用燕麦麸糊替代猪肉丸中部分脂肪以开发最佳的低脂肉丸,本实验对不同燕麦麸添加量对传统猪肉丸的感官品质、色泽、质构、基本成分、风味物质及氧化程度的影响进行研究,从而为低脂燕麦麸猪肉丸的开发提供可行性建议。结果表明：当燕麦麸添加量为3.09%时,燕麦麸猪肉丸感官总评最高。随燕麦麸添加量增加,燕麦麸猪肉丸硬度、咀嚼性显著降低;亮度逐渐减小,红度与黄度增加;脂肪含量显著减少,粗纤维、蛋白质、水分含量增加。根据电子鼻及气相色谱-质谱分析发现,5 组样品的风味差异明显且脂肪氧化产物的含量降低;高效液相色谱分析显示,燕麦麸猪肉丸核苷酸含量并无显著差异,而氨基酸总量显著下降;过氧化值逐渐降低,但硫代巴比妥酸值却增加。综上,燕麦麸添加量对产品各方面的品质具有不同影响,因此,选择适当的燕麦麸添加量（3.09%）能保证燕麦麸猪肉丸综合品质最佳。     

The nutrient composition of three cuts obtained from P-class South African pork carcasses

The shoulder, loin and leg from P-class pork carcasses were used to determine the nutrient composition of both raw and cooked cuts. Significantly lower fat content were observed in the current study for the leg (5.21 g/100 g) and loin (6.99 g/100 g) compared to the shoulder cut (10.32 g/100 g). The overall percentage fat for all three cuts was less than 10% which is recommended by the South African Heart Mark. The cooked loin cut contained the most protein (27.50 g/100 g) of the three cooked cuts. When compared to other meat products (beef, mutton and chicken) it is clear that pork is a good source of B vitamins, especially vitamin B₃. The cooked loin cut contained the least vitamin B₁ (0.22 mg/100 g), B₂ (0.02 mg/100 g) but the most vitamin B₃ (7.09 mg/100 g), of the three cooked cuts. The 100 g cooked shoulder, loin and leg cuts provide on average 40.11% protein, 5.19% magnesium, 3.37% calcium, 24.29% phosphorus, 18.22% zinc, 22.33% iron and 22.50% vitamin B₁, 2.57% vitamin B₂ and 42.6% vitamin B₃ of Recommended Daily Allowances for males, age 25–50. Energy from a 100 g portion provides 5.81% of the Recommended Daily Allowances. To conclude, the pork cuts are undoubtedly a good source of nutrients that is required for good health because it is high in protein, have a low fat content and are a nutrient-packed choice for the family and compares favourably with the fat, energy, and cholesterol content of many other meats and poultry.     

A simple,reliable and reproductive method to obtain experimental pale,soft and exudative (PSE) pork

The inferior quality and economic risk of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) pork warrant continuing research. However, such research efforts are often hindered by the challenge to obtain reliable PSE muscle samples with similar quality characteristics. The objective of this study was to establish a reliable and convenient method to produce PSE-like pork. A PSE condition was induced by incubation of 30-min postmortem Longissimus muscle at 35 °C for 7 h followed by chilling to 4 °C. Compared to normal red, firm and non-exudative (RFN) pork (kept at 4 °C), PSE muscle had consistently lower pH_2h (5.46 vs. 5.74) and pH_4h (5.35 vs. 5.52), higher L* (lightness) value (56.5 vs. 51.0), and reduced protein solubility and thermal stability (enthalpy and temperature) than RFN muscle (P < 0.05). The highly reproducible results indicate that incubation of muscle immediately postmortem at 35 °C offers a simple and consistent method to produce PSE pork.     

壳聚糖对冷却猪肉品质特性的影响研究

对壳聚糖在贮藏期间对冷却猪肉的感官性状(色泽、持水力)、理化品质(pH值、TBA、TVB-N)和微生物品质(菌落总数)的影响进行研究。添加壳聚糖能够明显的抑制微生物的生长(p<0.05),随着壳聚糖添加浓度的增大,脂质氧化率、挥发性盐基氮增加率及pH值上升率均下降,而持水力则呈现上升趋势。经过1.5%壳聚糖处理的样品在各方面的综合品质最好。     

微波辅助萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中四种氟喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了微波辅助萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肉中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星四种氟喹诺酮类药物残留的方法。样品经微波辅助萃取,正己烷脱脂,无水硫酸钠除水,浓缩提取物至干,用1.0mL0.1%甲酸溶液溶解后上机检测。采用Hypersil GOLD-1.9μm,50 mm×2.1 mm(i.d)色谱柱分离,在多反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明:四种氟喹诺酮类药物在浓度10～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9956～0.9991,定量限为10μg/kg。在不同添加水平下,其平均回收率为88%～101%,变异系数为1.4%～4.1%。     

脂肪含量对低盐猪肉凝胶品质的影响

以未添加磷酸盐的低盐猪肉凝胶作为研究对象,考察脂肪添加量(0～20%)对猪肉凝胶保水、质构和色泽的影响。结果显示,脂肪添加量在15%～20%范围内,凝胶保水性显著增加(P<0.05);添加5%以上的脂肪,可显著提高猪肉凝胶的L*值(P<0.05);在脂肪添加量不高于5%条件下,猪肉凝胶可形成良好的硬度、弹性、凝聚性和咀嚼性,并能保持较好的红度值(a*值),利于开发低脂猪肉制品。