抽水蓄能机组PSS试验分析

介绍河北张河湾蓄能发电有限责任公司1号机组发电工况下励磁系统(PSS)的试验目的、试验过程,分析试验结果,并时励磁系统的PSS参数进行优化,通过该机组抽水工况下的验证试验结果表明,优化后的PSS参数与机组正常运行的稳定计算参数相符合.     

Performance Evaluation of Power Oscillation Damping Controller—Firefly Algorithm Based Parameter Tuning

This paper presents the performance evaluation of power oscillation damping controller based on firefly algorithm (FA) parameter tuning. The power system stabilizer (PSS), unified power flow controller (UPFC), and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are tuned with FA by minimizing integral time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE) as an objective function. An integrated multi-stage linear quadratic regulator – power oscillation damping UPFC/SSSC has been proposed with precise tuning of control parameters which results in overall states' oscillation damping as compared to other classical methods. It has been observed that the proposed control structure damps the oscillations adequately and is modular in design methodology. The sample power system comprising six areas has been considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the concept. The software has been developed based on the proposed work by the authors and the MATLAB code has been generated in R2009b version. The states' inter-relation which has been shown with eigenvalues reflects a better regulation and the step response is also validated.     

DFIG-FMAC-PSS控制对风电并网系统的暂态稳定性改善

风电并网会对电力系统的稳定运行产生影响。为此本文考虑在双馈感应发电机(DFIG)上装设电力系统稳定器(PSS),提出DFIG转子磁链幅值和相角控制(FMAC)加PSS的控制方案。选用DFIG定子电功率作为PSS输入信号,通过调节DFIG转子磁链矢量的幅值和相角对发电机的端电压和输出功率进行控制,在大扰动的情况下对风电并网系统的稳定性进行研究。研究表明所提DFIG-FMAC-PSS的控制方案经济可行,在提供电压控制、促进阻尼作用和提高风电并网的暂态稳定性方面优于基于同步发电机的PSS解决方案。     

基于SOGWO的电力系统稳定器参数优化

电力系统稳定器(Power System Stabilizer, PSS)是抑制电力系统低频振荡的主要手段。提出选择反向运算灰狼优化(Selected Opposition-Based Grey Wolf Optimizer, SOGWO)算法对PSS进行参数优化。首先,选择典型的PSS实现类型,并设置优化过程的目标函数。其次,利用选择反向学习算法加快搜索速度,增强灰狼算法的全局搜索性能。最后,应用IEEE四机两区域系统模型验证所提方法的有效性。此外,分别对PSS参数进行PSO、GWO、SOGWO的100次优化,由统计出的阻尼比最大值、最小值、平均值以及标准差数据可知：三种优化算法均能较好地避免陷入局部最优并快速收敛,而SOGWO优化PSS参数的鲁棒性更好。     

抑制频率振荡的电力系统稳定器参数优化

超低频频率振荡是有功频率控制过程的小扰动稳定问题。由于负荷电压调节效应使得无功电压控制和有功频率控制产生耦合,传统用于抑制低频振荡的电力系统稳定器(PSS)可用于抑制频率振荡。提出了在多机系统中选择抑制频率振荡的PSS的方法,该方法综合了PSS对低频振荡和频率振荡的影响大小。构建了抑制频率振荡的PSS参数优化模型,该模型仍然以低频振荡模式阻尼比作为优化目标,但加入频率振荡对应频段发电机励磁系统相位要求作为约束,保证机组励磁系统为频率振荡提供足够的正阻尼。采用粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解得到PSS最优参数。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

应用电力仿真软件PSS/E计算网络可用传输能力

可用输电能力(ATC)是指导电力市场交易的重要指标,对系统规划与运行具有重要影响;PSS/E是一种有效的机电暂态分析软件,利用其快速的潮流计算功能及扩展接口可进行ATC指标的计算分析,为电网规划与系统分析人员提供便利。引入ATC指标的定义及主要解算方法,详细分析了PSS/E软件基于直流潮流和交流潮流的ATC计算模型和流程,以及用于N-1故障严重性排序的两种行为性指标。针对IEEE30节点系统算例进行比较分析,计算结果表明了软件ATC指标计算和应用的可行性。     

基于MSSA的PSS与UPFC-POD参数和 UPFC位置协调优化

针对风火打捆(wind-thermal-bundled, WTB)系统在受到干扰时可能由于阻尼不足而出现的低频振荡现象以及较高的网损会导致运行成本的增加和阻碍“双碳”目标实现的问题,提出了一种电力系统稳定器(power system stabilizer, PSS)与统一潮流控制器(unified power flow controller, UPFC)附加功率振荡阻尼控制器(power oscillation damping, POD)参数和UPFC安装位置协调优化策略方法。首先,基于Matlab构建了风火打捆外送系统和控制器模型。然后,利用多目标樽海鞘优化算法(multi-objective salp swarm algorithm, MSSA),将协调优化问题转化为多目标优化问题。目标函数设计中考虑了UPFC装置的调节特性。最后,采用IEEE 4机2区系统和16机5区系统进行多种工况下的仿真。仿真结果显示,协调优化后的控制器可以提高系统阻尼,维持发电机转速的稳定,抑制低频振荡引起的系统有功、电压等的波动,同时降低了系统的有功网损,提高了系统稳定性和运行经济性。MSSA在工程问题上的应用得到了补充。     

Flexible rewritable organic memory devices using nitrogen-doped CNTs/PEDOT:PSS composites

Nonvolatile rewritable organic memory devices based on poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotube (NCNT) nanocomposites were fabricated on glass and PET substrates.Organic memory devices with bistable resistive switching were obtained using very low NCTN concentration (∼0.002 wt%) in the polymeric matrix. The memory devices exhibited a good ON/OFF ratio of approximately three orders of magnitude, a good retention time of 10⁴ s under operating voltages ≤ |4V| and a few hundredths of write-read-erase-read cycles. The bistable resistive switching is mainly attributed to the creation of oxygen vacancies. These defects are introduced into the thin native Al oxide (AlOx) layer on the bottom electrode during the first voltage sweep. The well-dispersed NCNTs immersed in PEDOT:PSS play a key role as conductive channels for the electronic transport, hindering the electron trapping at the AlOx-polymer interface and inducing a soft dielectric breakdown of the AlOx layer. These PEDOT:PSS + NCNTs memory devices are to easy to apply in flexible low-cost technology and provide the possibility of large-scale integration.     

Correcting for contact geometry in Seebeck coefficient measurements of thin film devices

Driven by promising recent results, there has been a revived interest in the thermoelectric properties of organic (semi)conductors. Concomitantly, there is a need to probe the Seebeck coefficient S of modestly conducting materials in thin film geometry. Here we show that geometries that seem desirable from a signal-to-noise perspective may induce systematic errors in the measured value of S, S_m, by a factor 3 or more. The enhancement of S_m by the device geometry is related to competing conduction paths outside the region between the electrodes. We derive a universal scaling curve that allows correcting for this and show that structuring the semiconductor is not needed for the optimal electrode configuration, being a set of narrow, parallel strips.     

Solution processable PEDOT:PSS based hybrid electrodes for organic field effect transistors

We report high performance solution processed conductive inks used as contact electrodes for printed organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes show highly improved very low sheet resistance of 65.8 ± 6.5 Ω/square (Ω/□) by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and post treatment with methanol (MeOH) solvent. Sheet resistance was further improved to 33.8 ± 8.6 Ω/□ by blending silver nanowire (AgNW) with DMSO doped PEDOT:PSS. Printed OFETs with state of the art diketopyrrolopyrrole-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DPPT-TT) semiconducting polymer were demonstrated with various solution processable conductive inks, including bare, MeOH treated PEDOT:PSS, single wall carbon nanotubes, and hybrid PEDOT:PSS-AgNW, as the source and drain (S/D) electrode by spray printing using a metal shadow mask. The highest field effect mobility, 0.49 ± 0.03 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ for DPPT-TT OFETs, was obtained using blended AgNW with DMSO doped PEDOT:PSS S/D electrode.