American ginseng berry juice intake reduces blood glucose and body weight in ob/ob mice

ABSTRACT:  Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disease and has a significant impact on patients' lives and the health care system. We previously observed that the organic solvent extract of American ginseng berry possessed significant antidiabetic effects in obese diabetic ob / ob mice after intraperitoneal injection. If American ginseng berry is useful as a dietary supplement, simple preparation and oral intake would be a convenient, safe, and practical means for consumers. In this study, the simply prepared berry juice was first analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography, and then administered orally in the ob / ob mice. The animals received daily berry juice 0.6 mL/kg or vehicle for 10 consecutive days. The results indicated that oral juice administration significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels, and this effect continued for at least 10 d after cessation of the treatment. Data from intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test demonstrated that there was a notable improvement in glucose tolerance in the juice treated group. In addition, the berry juice significantly reduced body weight. Our data suggest that ginseng berry juice, as a dietary supplement, may have functional efficacy in consumers with diabetes.     

Detection of Panax quinquefolius in Panax ginseng using 'subtracted diversity array'

BACKGROUND: Food adulteration remains a major global concern. DNA fingerprinting has several advantages over chemical and morphological identification techniques. DNA microarray‐based fingerprinting techniques have not been used previously to detect adulteration involving dried commercial samples of closely related species. Here we report amplification of low‐level DNA obtained from dried commercial ginseng samples using the Qiagen^? REPLI‐g^® Kit. Further, we used a subtracted diversity array (SDA) to fingerprint the two ginseng species, Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, that are frequently mixed for adulteration. RESULTS: The two ginseng species were successfully discriminated using SDA. Further, SDA was sensitive enough to detect a deliberate adulteration of 10% P. quinquefolius in P. ginseng. Thirty‐nine species‐specific features including 30 P. ginseng‐specific and nine P. quinquefolius‐specific were obtained. This resulted in a feature polymorphism rate of 10.5% from the 376 features used for fingerprinting the two ginseng species. The functional characterization of 14 Panax species‐specific features by sequencing revealed one putative ATP synthase, six putative uncharacterized proteins, and two retroelements to be different in these two species. CONCLUSION: SDA can be employed to detect adulterations in a broad range of plant samples. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

三七叶总皂苷对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为学及海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的影响

本文研究了三七叶总皂苷的抗抑郁作用及其作用机制。40只大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、氟西汀组和三七叶总皂苷中高剂量组,建立慢性应激抑郁大鼠模型评价三七叶总皂苷的抗抑郁活性以及对海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的影响。建模四周后,模型组大鼠与空白组比较,体重、糖水偏好率及自主活动水平等行为学指标分别降低了8.56%、22.48%、26.17%,表现出人类抑郁症中体重下降、快感缺失、自主活动下降等核心症状,而大鼠海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的水平分别降低了53.60%、53.60%、39.20%。给予三七叶总皂苷治疗后,与模型组相比,三七叶总皂苷高剂量组大鼠上述三个行为学指标分别增加了7.03%、26.21%、26.21%,上述三个生化指标也分别升高了41.29%、62.79%、49.05%。表明三七叶总皂苷能逆转抑郁大鼠行为学症状以及调节海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的水平。三七叶总皂苷具有良好的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制与调控海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF水平有关。     

三七茎叶总皂苷提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

目的 为高效提取三七茎叶总皂苷,建立并优化了乙醇热回流提取三七总皂苷的工艺条件。方法 以人参皂苷Rb3的提取率和纯度为指标,通过部分因子实验设计和中心组合实验设计,对乙醇浓度、液料比、提取时间、提取温度4个因素进行考察,筛选最佳提取工艺参数,并进一步用c对四种不同提取方法所获三七皂苷的抗氧化效果进行评价。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为乙醇浓度50%、液料比10.7 ml/g、提取时间1 h和提取温度60 ℃,该提取方法所获皂苷的抗氧化效果高于其它提取方法。结论 该工艺流程在保证获得较高人参皂苷Rb3纯度和含量的基础上,具有经济、快速、高效的特点,为后续三七茎叶的进一步开发奠定了理论基础。     

人参浸提液处理对烧鸡食用品质的影响

为研制高品质的营养保健人参烧鸡产品,探究人参对烧鸡脂肪和蛋白氧化的抑制作用及食用品质的影响规律,以烧鸡为研究对象,探讨不同种类和不同添加量的人参对烧鸡的剪切力、pH值、出品率、色泽、质构、蛋白质羰基含量、蛋白质巯基含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物质（thiobarbituric acid reaction substances,TBARS）值和感官评分等品质特性的影响。结果表明：红参浸提液的总皂苷含量最高,其对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力及2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力最强;林下参浸提液中多酚和黄酮含量最高;随着人参添加量的增加,烧鸡的硬度与咀嚼性增强,L*、a*、b*值和巯基含量明显增加,TBARS值与羰基含量显著降低（P＜0.05）;人参添加量相同时,红参浸提液对烧鸡羰基及巯基含量的影响最大（P＜0.05）,白参浸提液处理烧鸡的TBARS值最高;烧鸡的感官评分随着人参添加量的增加先显著增大后显著降低（P＜0.05）,在添加量为1.0%时感官综合评分最高。因此,适当地加入人参浸提液可以改善烧鸡的色泽,提高烧鸡的食用品质,抑制脂肪与蛋白氧化,其中红参浸提液的作用效果最佳。     

乙撑硫脲在人参茎叶中的残留动态

[方法]通过田间试验和液相色谱分析技术研究了75％代森锰锌代谢物乙撑硫脲在茎和叶中残留动态和最终残留量.[结果]吉林抚松田间试验结果表明:施药剂量为推荐剂量的2倍(6250 g a.i./hm2)时,乙撑硫脲在茎和叶中原始沉积量分别为0.782、8.23 mg/kg;半衰期分别为4.9、19.5 d.施药1次,测得茎中乙撑硫脲残留量14d后低于欧洲规定的MRL值(0.05 mg/kg),而叶中乙撑硫脲残留量均高于欧洲规定的MRL值(0.05 mg/kg).[结论]综合多方面因素,按照推荐剂量3 125 g a.i./hm2处理,建议我国在茎上乙撑硫脲的MRL值可暂定为0.05 mg/kg,茎安全间隔期为14 d,而叶上的残留量较高,建议MRL值可暂定为0.50 mg/kg,叶安全间隔期无法确定,施药次数为1次.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取人参籽油工艺研究

该研究以人参籽为原料,采用超临界CO2流体技术萃取人参籽油。以单因素实验为基础,通过正交试验优化萃取人参籽油工艺参数条件,并测定人参籽油脂肪酸组成。试验结果表明,在萃取压力45 MPa、萃取温度45℃、萃取时间2.5 h、夹带剂用量10%优化工艺条件下,人参籽油得率为48.90%。经检测,人参籽油脂肪酸组成不饱和脂肪酸占99%以上,其中油酸含量极高,可达94.70%。     

降糖胶囊薄层鉴别质量标准研究

按照新的药品注册管理办法要求,研究了降糖胶囊的薄层鉴别方法。考察了供试品前处理工艺,筛选薄层鉴别的色谱条件,建立了降糖胶囊中红参、黄芪、淫羊藿的薄层色谱方法。该方法简便,专属性强,重现性好,可用于降糖胶囊的定性质量控制。     

不同年生西洋参中铅、镉含量分析

采用微波消解- 石墨炉原子吸收法对不同年生、不同地块西洋参中的毒害元素铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)进行检测分析。结果表明,同一地块西洋参随着生长年份的增加,Cd、Pb 元素的含量有所提高,呈现随年份增加在根内积累的规律;不同地块,相同生长年份西洋参Cd、Pb 元素含量存在差异。方法检出限分别为Pb 3.545ng/ml,Cd0.225ng/ml;测定精密度的RSD 分别为Pb 1.5%,Cd 1.0%;回收率分别为Pb 113.57%,Cd 94.28%。     

人参须对肝纤维化致小鼠骨丢失的防治作用

目的: 研究人参须对肝纤维化小鼠骨丢失的防治作用。方法: 40 %四氯化碳花生油皮下注射5周致小鼠肝纤维化, 人参须用药6 周后观察与肝损伤相关的各项生化指标和肝脏病理切片结果并测定小鼠右股骨的骨Ca²⁺量和其他骨微量元素以及骨羟脯胺酸的含量。结果: 单用四氯化碳小鼠呈现典型的慢性肝损伤后肝纤维化的改变, 骨重量和骨钙总量及骨羟脯胺酸的含量明显减少;而人参须有明显的护肝及对抗骨丢失作用, 其作用与秋水仙碱相当。结论: 人参须对小鼠肝纤维化及骨丢失有一定预防作用。