高效液相色谱法定量分析竹节参中人参皂苷Rb_1的含量

用RP-HPLC测定竹节参中人参皂苷Rb1的含量,采用Venusil ABS C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm5,μm）,以乙腈-水（35∶65）为流动相,流速1 mL/min,检测波长203 nm。结果表明,人参皂苷Rb1在25～500μg/mL间线性关系良好（r=0.999 4）,平均加样回收率为99.64%,RSD=1.52%。该方法快速、准确、重现性好,可用于竹节参中人参皂苷Rb1的含量测定。     

Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds From Wild and Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): Occurrence of a High Level of Petroselinic Acid

The lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of seeds from the Asian ginseng Panax ginseng growing naturally in taiga forests of the Russian Far East and seeds from cultivated ginseng were studied in this work. The total lipid content of seeds from both wild and cultivated plants was 9–12 % of fresh weight. FA were analyzed as isopropyl esters on a polar capillary column BD‐225, which allows good separation of petroselinic and oleic acids. The structure of FAs was confirmed using GC–MS of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 4,4‐dimethyloxazoline derivatives. In all the seed samples, the major FA was petroselinic acid 18:1(n‐12) which comprised more than 60 %; the contents of oleic and linoleic acids were lower (15–17 and 15–16 %, respectively). Earlier, a higher level (>80 %) of oleic acid had been reported for ginseng seeds. This discrepancy can be explained by an insufficient separation of these acids on standard columns used for GC of FAME. In general, seeds of wild and cultivated ginseng are very similar in lipid content and FA composition.     

The Use of Lipid-Based Formulations to Increase the Oral Bioavailability of Panax Notoginseng Saponins Following a Single Oral Gavage to Rats

Purpose: This article was intended to improve the absorption of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS). Methods: PNS-Phospholipid complex and a lipid-based formulation by dissolving the complex in the medium chain fattyglycerides were prepared, and their oral relative bioavailability was determined in rats and compared with an aqueous solution of PNS for each component. Results: The study gave evidence that the phospholipids could combine with the two active constitutes of PNS and form a PNS-phospholipid complex. The complex efficiently increased the solubility of hydrophilic ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in some selected hydrophobic esters, such as fatty glycerides, and constructed the lipid-based formulations of PNS. The experimental result in rats in vivo showed that the oral relative bioavailability was enhanced remarkably by these lipid-based formulations composed of the PNS-Phospholipid complex and various esters. The absorption enhancement of the medium-chain glyceride (Labrafac cc and Capmul MCM (3:1)) was somewhat greater than that of other fatty glyceride. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 of the PNS-complex in the medium-chain glyceride were 27.38 μg.mL-1.h and 600.08 μg.mL-1.h, compared with 2.52 μg.mL-1.h and 92.29 μg.mL-1.h of the PNS aqueous solution, respectively. Conclusions: The oral relative bioavailability of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 of PNS was enhanced remarkably by the lipid-based formulations. These findings reveal a new strategy to increase oral bioavailability by lipophilicity enhancement for some highly water-soluble but poorly absorbed drugs.     

Structural and enhanced memory activity studies of extracts from Panax ginseng root

The aim of this paper is to study low molecular mass carbohydrate polymer from Panax ginseng root. The aqueous extracts of P. ginseng root were loaded onto a macroporous resin, then forced through a Cellulose Super Filtration System, and loaded onto a Carbon–Celite column and eluted with water, 5% ethanol, 30% ethanol and 95% ethanol. To determine if 30% ethanol elution from a Carbon–Celite column could enhance memory in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rats, Mirros water maze task was used. The purification of the 30% ethanol elution was performed on Sephadex G-15 and Bio-gel P2 columns. GC–MS analysis of methylated derivatives as well as ESI-MS measurement were used for structural confirmation. Results showed that 30% ethanol elution could enhance memory in scopolamine-induced memory deficit rats with intraperitoneal administration. Oligosaccharides and peptides were isolated from 30% ethanol elution. The oligosaccharides were identified as maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, maltoheptaose.     

不同粒度对三七粉主要有效成分体外溶出度的影响

目的分析不同粒度对三七粉末主要有效成分在体外溶出度方面的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法法测定不同粒度三七粉末,包括粗粉(24～65目)、中粉(65～80目)和细粉(80～200目),在磷酸缓冲液、水和醋酸缓冲液中主要有效成分的溶出量,并绘制相应的溶出曲线以分析影响。结果在不同溶出介质中三七中粉和细粉在短时间内可以达到溶出平衡,而三七粗粉在30 min才达到溶出平衡;在3种溶出介质中三七中粉累积溶出度均为最大;在不同介质中三七总皂苷溶出率为:pH6.8的磷酸缓冲溶液水(pH=5.13)pH4.5的醋酸缓冲溶液。结论建议三七粉碎入药时,磨成中粉进行使用。     

保健食品中人参皂苷类成分的快速检测及应用

目的建立保健食品中人参皂苷类成分的提取、检测方法,并对检测方法进行方法学考察。方法以标示含人参成分保健食品为研究对象,样品经溶剂提取,固相萃取小柱净化,超高效液相-串联二极管阵列检测器检测保健食品中人参皂苷类成分。使用建立的方法对市售17批保健食品(标示成分为总皂苷)中的人参皂苷类成分进行含量测定,并与产品总皂苷标示量和传统检测方法的测定结果进行对比,评判含人参成分保健食品品质。结果建立的方法能够快速、准确、灵敏地检测7种皂苷成分。17批标示含人参成分的保健食品所测人参皂苷类成分总量均低于采用《规范》方法所测得的总皂苷含量和产品总皂苷标示含量。结论本研究建立的方法可以客观反映含人参成分保健食品的品质。     

不同冲泡条件三七花中腐霉利的溶出研究

目的探索三七花在不同冲泡条件下(冲泡时间、冲泡次数、冲泡温度)腐霉利的溶出规律。方法通过在实验室模拟冲泡过程,采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)和选择性离子检测(selected ion monitor, SIM)对三七花浸泡液中腐霉利含量进行检测。结果不同冲泡时间下,腐霉利溶出率随着冲泡时间增加而增加;相同冲泡时间下,第1泡溶出率小于第2泡,第3泡溶出率明显减少,第4泡时几乎没有腐霉利溶出;70℃以上温度冲泡时,不同温度对溶出率影响不大。结论三七花在不同冲泡时间、不同冲泡次数及不同冲泡温度下都有不同程度的腐霉利溶出。     

RP-HPLC法分析测定人参、西洋参、三七中的皂苷类化合物

利用反相高效液相色谱(reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC)技术对人参、西洋参和三七不同方法提取物中的8种皂苷进行定量分析。采用乙醇回流、温浸法和超声辅助提取法提取3种药材中的有效成分,并结合高效液相色谱技术进行分析。结果表明:不同提取方法比较,超声辅助法所提取的3种药材中皂苷含量较高;3种五加科人参属的药材中,三七提取物中主要皂苷含量较高,人参提取物中的皂苷种类较多。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定三七花中亚砷酸根和砷酸根含量的不确定度评价

目的 评定液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, HPLC-AFS)测定三七花中亚砷酸根和砷酸根含量(以As计)的不确定度。方法 根据JJF 1059.1- 2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》对各不确定度进行分析、确认及计算, 合成扩展不确定度。结果 三七花中亚砷酸根的平均值为0.1314 mg/kg, 相对标准偏差为1.23%, 扩展不确定度为0.0097 mg/kg, 砷酸根的平均值为0.1467 mg/kg, 相对标准偏差为3.02%, 扩展不确定度为0.0144 mg/kg。结论 在测定三七花中亚砷酸根和砷酸根含量过程中, 不确定度主要来源于标准曲线测定及拟合过程。     

云南文山三七须根急性毒性和诱变毒性作用的研究

目的 探讨云南文山三七须根急性毒性和诱变毒性作用。方法 急性毒性采用一次限量法, 剂量设为10000 mg/kg BW。Ames实验使用的菌株为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102。实验分别设每皿5000、1000、200、40、8 μg剂量组, 同时设阴性、阳性对照组, 采用平板掺入法, 观察每皿回变菌落数。微核及精子畸形试验均使用SPF级昆明种小鼠, 实验设1250、2500、5000 mg/kg BW 3个剂量组、一个阴性对照组及一个阳性对照组。微核试验采用30 h给受试物法, 检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率。精子畸形试验于首次染毒后第35 d处死动物, 观察精子畸形率。结果 云南文山三七须根对受试动物的急性毒性(LD50)>10000 mg/kg BW。与阴性对照组比较, 云南文山三七须根各剂量组在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌试验(Ames试验)中实验结果为阴性, 骨髓细胞微核试验表明未引起微核发生率增加, 对小鼠精子畸变无明显影响(P＞0.05)。结论 云南文山三七须根对昆明种小鼠的急性经口毒性属实际无毒, 在Ames实验中未呈现致突变作用, 未见诱导小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核形成的能力, 未见有致小鼠精子畸形作用。