三七总皂苷对体外培养人牙周膜细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的探讨三七总皂苷对体外培养的人牙周膜细胞(Human periodontal ligament cell,hPDLC)增殖、碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性及表达的影响。方法采用组织块法原代培养hPDLC,并经免疫组化鉴定;分别用10、1.0、0.1和0.01 mg/L浓度的三七总皂苷处理体外培养的hPDLC,设只加含10%FBS的DMEM培养基为空白对照,分别于1、3、5、7 d后,MTT法检测其对hPDLC增殖活性的影响,酶标仪上检测细胞中ALP活性,Western blot法检测细胞中ALP蛋白的表达。结果免疫组化结果显示,细胞来源于外胚间充质;MTT结果显示,0.1 mg/L浓度组在第5天和1.0、10 mg/L浓度组在第3、5天hPDLC增殖活性明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01);0.1、1.0、10 mg/L浓度组在第3、5天ALP活性明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01),1.0 mg/L浓度组APL活性明显高于其他各组(P<0.01);0.01、0.1、1.0、10 mg/L浓度组ALP蛋白表达量均明显高于空白对照组(P<0.01),以1.0 mg/L浓度组ALP表达量最高。结论三七总皂苷有促进hPDLC增殖的作用,并能增加ALP活性及其表达水平。     

Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of the Red Ginseng Essential Oil in H(2)O(2)-Treated HepG2 Cells and CCl(4)-Treated Mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant mechanisms of red ginseng essential oil (REO) in cells as well as in an animal model. REO was prepared by a supercritical CO(2) extraction of waste-products generated after hot water extraction of red ginseng. In HepG2 cells, REO diminished the H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress and also restored both the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Administration of REO inhibited the phosphorylation of upstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38. In mice, the CCl(4)-mediated elevation of serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase as well as the induction of hepatic lipid peroxidation were decreased by REO administration. REO treatments also resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme expression in the liver. Moreover, increased phosphorylations of MAPKs were inhibited after REO administration. Overall, REO seems to protect the liver from oxidative stress through the activation and induction of antioxidant enzymes via inhibition of MAPKs pathways.     

西洋参果酒酿造工艺的研究

对西洋参果酒的酿造条件进行了初步的探讨,通过单因素实验、正交实验,确定出该产品的最佳生产工艺。结果表明:采用带果皮60℃热浸提20min,去皮渣发酵,并采用发酵温度为26℃,接种量为7%,SO2添加量为80mg/L,起始糖度为18.7%。在该工艺条件下发酵,酿造出来的西洋参果酒,颜色鲜红,澄清透亮,酒味浓郁,酒体丰满,同时具有丰富的营养成分。     

Detection of Panax quinquefolius in Panax ginseng using 'subtracted diversity array'

BACKGROUND: Food adulteration remains a major global concern. DNA fingerprinting has several advantages over chemical and morphological identification techniques. DNA microarray‐based fingerprinting techniques have not been used previously to detect adulteration involving dried commercial samples of closely related species. Here we report amplification of low‐level DNA obtained from dried commercial ginseng samples using the Qiagen^? REPLI‐g^® Kit. Further, we used a subtracted diversity array (SDA) to fingerprint the two ginseng species, Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, that are frequently mixed for adulteration. RESULTS: The two ginseng species were successfully discriminated using SDA. Further, SDA was sensitive enough to detect a deliberate adulteration of 10% P. quinquefolius in P. ginseng. Thirty‐nine species‐specific features including 30 P. ginseng‐specific and nine P. quinquefolius‐specific were obtained. This resulted in a feature polymorphism rate of 10.5% from the 376 features used for fingerprinting the two ginseng species. The functional characterization of 14 Panax species‐specific features by sequencing revealed one putative ATP synthase, six putative uncharacterized proteins, and two retroelements to be different in these two species. CONCLUSION: SDA can be employed to detect adulterations in a broad range of plant samples. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

三七叶总皂苷对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为学及海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的影响

本文研究了三七叶总皂苷的抗抑郁作用及其作用机制。40只大鼠随机分成空白组、模型组、氟西汀组和三七叶总皂苷中高剂量组,建立慢性应激抑郁大鼠模型评价三七叶总皂苷的抗抑郁活性以及对海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的影响。建模四周后,模型组大鼠与空白组比较,体重、糖水偏好率及自主活动水平等行为学指标分别降低了8.56%、22.48%、26.17%,表现出人类抑郁症中体重下降、快感缺失、自主活动下降等核心症状,而大鼠海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的水平分别降低了53.60%、53.60%、39.20%。给予三七叶总皂苷治疗后,与模型组相比,三七叶总皂苷高剂量组大鼠上述三个行为学指标分别增加了7.03%、26.21%、26.21%,上述三个生化指标也分别升高了41.29%、62.79%、49.05%。表明三七叶总皂苷能逆转抑郁大鼠行为学症状以及调节海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF的水平。三七叶总皂苷具有良好的抗抑郁作用,其作用机制与调控海马体cAMP、PKA、BDNF水平有关。     

三七茎叶总皂苷提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

目的 为高效提取三七茎叶总皂苷,建立并优化了乙醇热回流提取三七总皂苷的工艺条件。方法 以人参皂苷Rb3的提取率和纯度为指标,通过部分因子实验设计和中心组合实验设计,对乙醇浓度、液料比、提取时间、提取温度4个因素进行考察,筛选最佳提取工艺参数,并进一步用c对四种不同提取方法所获三七皂苷的抗氧化效果进行评价。结果 最佳提取工艺参数为乙醇浓度50%、液料比10.7 ml/g、提取时间1 h和提取温度60 ℃,该提取方法所获皂苷的抗氧化效果高于其它提取方法。结论 该工艺流程在保证获得较高人参皂苷Rb3纯度和含量的基础上,具有经济、快速、高效的特点,为后续三七茎叶的进一步开发奠定了理论基础。     

乙撑硫脲在人参茎叶中的残留动态

[方法]通过田间试验和液相色谱分析技术研究了75％代森锰锌代谢物乙撑硫脲在茎和叶中残留动态和最终残留量.[结果]吉林抚松田间试验结果表明:施药剂量为推荐剂量的2倍(6250 g a.i./hm2)时,乙撑硫脲在茎和叶中原始沉积量分别为0.782、8.23 mg/kg;半衰期分别为4.9、19.5 d.施药1次,测得茎中乙撑硫脲残留量14d后低于欧洲规定的MRL值(0.05 mg/kg),而叶中乙撑硫脲残留量均高于欧洲规定的MRL值(0.05 mg/kg).[结论]综合多方面因素,按照推荐剂量3 125 g a.i./hm2处理,建议我国在茎上乙撑硫脲的MRL值可暂定为0.05 mg/kg,茎安全间隔期为14 d,而叶上的残留量较高,建议MRL值可暂定为0.50 mg/kg,叶安全间隔期无法确定,施药次数为1次.     

不同年生西洋参中铅、镉含量分析

采用微波消解- 石墨炉原子吸收法对不同年生、不同地块西洋参中的毒害元素铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)进行检测分析。结果表明,同一地块西洋参随着生长年份的增加,Cd、Pb 元素的含量有所提高,呈现随年份增加在根内积累的规律;不同地块,相同生长年份西洋参Cd、Pb 元素含量存在差异。方法检出限分别为Pb 3.545ng/ml,Cd0.225ng/ml;测定精密度的RSD 分别为Pb 1.5%,Cd 1.0%;回收率分别为Pb 113.57%,Cd 94.28%。     

The effect of steaming on the free amino acid contents and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng

This study was carried out to investigate changes in the free amino acid contents and antioxidant activity of Panax ginseng induced by steaming at different temperatures. For this purpose, white ginseng (WG), red ginseng (RG, ginseng steamed at 100 °C) and ginseng steamed at 120 °C (SG) were prepared using an autoclave. Most free amino acids were decreased significantly by steam treatment, with the greatest reduction observed in SG. Total content of free amino acids, 17.9 mg/g in WG was reduced to 12.2 mg/g in RG and 2.79 mg/g in SG. As for Arg which is the most predominant amino acid in ginseng, the content, 10.4 mg/g in WG, decreased significantly to 1.38 mg/g in SG. In particular, β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), a well-known neurotoxin, was reduced by 92.9% in SG. In contrast, the level of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) increased with steam treatment, which indicates that the reduction of most amino acids is attributed to the extent of the Maillard reaction. Based on MRPs being useful antioxidants, we assayed the scavenging activity against free radicals produced by 2,2′-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The radical scavenging activity of a ginseng extract increased with steam treatment, with the most potent activity in SG. Further, MRPs-rich fraction in SG showed powerful antioxidant activity, which indicates MRPs are major contributors to antioxidant activity enhanced by steam treatment.     

云南文山鲜三七花、茎、叶、根中人参皂甙成分测定

目的建立鲜三七花、茎、叶、根中7种人参皂甙成分分析的超高效液相色谱测定方法,并测定云南文山产鲜三七花、茎、叶、根中7种人参皂甙成分。方法样品粉碎后用水超声提取,提取液离心,取上清液通过Amberlite-XAD大孔树脂,用甲醇洗脱后蒸干,再用初始流动相定容,上机分析。采用二极管阵列检测器(diode array detector,DAD)检测,外标法定量。结果在14 min内完成7种目标化合物的分离分析,人参皂甙Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rb2、Rb3和Rd分别在0.0240～0.6005、0.0198～0.4960、0.0272～0.6810、0.0222～0.5545、0.0199～0.4974、0.0202～0.5055和0.0216～0.5395μg范围内呈良好的线性关系,各组分回收率范围为78.5%～95.4%,RSD为0.55%～0.77%(n=6)。结论该方法灵敏、快速、准确,可用于云南文山产鲜三七花、茎、叶、根中人参皂甙成分的检测。