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991.
Nejib Guizani Zaher Al-Attabi Stefan Kasapis Osman Mahgoub Gaafar 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(3):523-532
The microbial groups, physico-chemical characteristics, proteolysis, lipolysis, and rheological properties over a 30-day ripening period of a semi-hard cheese from pasteurized goat's milk were investigated. The count of aerobic mesophilic flora was high in cheese throughout ripening with lactic acid bacteria being the main microbial group. Halophilic bacteria, yeast and molds showed initial low counts but maintained their levels relatively constant during the ripening period. The main biochemical modification of cheese during ripening was related to the extent of proteolysis. The water soluble nitrogen in the semi-hard cheese increased during ripening. Lipolysis also occurred throughout the ripening period, with the major constituents being the palmitic, oleic, myristic, capric, and lauric acids. The rheological study suggested that the most important factors influencing the texture of the goat cheese is the level of total solids, and the extent of protein degradation recorded as soluble nitrogen during the ripening period. Rheological properties of goat cheese showed a transformation from a soft and elastic consistency to a hard and brittle body as a function of aging. 相似文献
992.
Javad Barouei Ahmad Karbassi Hamid B. Ghoddusi Ali Mortazavi 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(2):407-414
This study aimed to isolate and characterize Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Liqvan Ewes' milk cheese. A total of 117 Lactic Acid Bacteria were isolated and identified phenotypically. They belonged to 4 genera and 17 species. The dominant LAB found in Liqvan cheese were from the genus Lactobacillus (75.21%) consisted of 70.08% facultatively heterofermentative and 5.12% obligately heterofermentative lactobacillus species. Other isolates were classified as Pediococci (5.12%), Enterococci (5.98%), and Leuconostocs (13.67%). Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei was the predominant species accounted for 36.75%. Likewise, predominant species of each genus were Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei, P. pentosaceus, E. faecalis, and Leu. lactis. The preponderance of isolates (86.32%) was referred to be as members of Non Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria (NSLAB). 相似文献
993.
Recio I García-Risco MR Amigo L Molina E Ramos M Martín-Alvarez PJ 《Journal of dairy science》2004,87(6):1595-1600
A capillary electrophoresis method has been applied to the detection of illegal addition of milk from goat and/ or cow in Halloumi cheese, traditionally made with sheep milk. The electrophoretic profiles of the casein from Halloumi cheeses have revealed that caprine para-kappa-casein and bovine alphas1-casein peaks point to the presence of low percentages of goat's and/or cow's milk added to Halloumi cheese. Stepwise multiple linear regression has been used to predict these percentages with a standard error of the estimation of 2.14%. The analytical method combined with the statistical application is valid for the prediction of percentages higher than 2% of goat's and percentages of 5% of cow's milk added to the cheese either in fresh or ripened cheese. The standard error of estimation was higher for the prediction of cow's milk than for goat's milk. 相似文献
994.
筒子纱ANOZOLL型活性低温染色工艺 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用ANOZOLL型低温活性染料染筒子纱,详细介绍了筒子纱的染色工艺。实践证明,L型低温活性染料对水质宽容度大,对染色条件依存性不敏感,大小样重现性好,染色成功率高;且染料用量少,色牢度高,具有生产实用性。 相似文献
995.
A hard-pressed, brined cheese was produced from frozen ovine milk collected in February, May, and August. Solids in the milk decreased as the season progressed. This was a result of high solids in early-lactation milk and low solids in August milk because of hot weather and poorer quality pastures. Casein as a percentage of true protein and the casein to fat ratio were higher in May and August milk. Fat in the cheese from February milk was higher and total protein was lower than in May and August. Milk, whey, and press whey composition were influenced by season and followed the trends of milk composition. Fat recovery in the cheeses ranged from 83.2 to 84.2%. Protein recovery in the cheeses was not affected by season. Cheese yield from February milk was higher than from May and August milk and was a result of higher casein and fat in the milk. 相似文献
996.
J. A. Centeno J. A. Varela M. Almena J. L. Rodríguez-Otero 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1996,203(6):546-552
Ten batches of Arzúa, a soft cow's-milk cheese produced in northwest Spain, were prepared from pasteurized milk. Two (control) batches (CB) were made with a commercial starter containingLactococcus lactis subspecieslactis andcremoris. Another eight batches (MB) were made with the commercial starter plus one of eightMicrococcus spp. strains previously isolated from raw-milk Arzúa cheeses. In all MB, -casein degradation over the 30-day ripening period was more pronounced (mean 31%) than in the CB (mean 12%). S1-Casein degradation was highly variable in the MB, though mean degradation over the ripening period (75%) was similar to that observed in the CB (73%). Similarly, volatile fatty acid (VFA) content was highly variable in the MB, with the mean content at 30 days (3.8 mEq per 100 g) being higher than in the CB (1.6 mEq per 100 g). Rheological characterization of the cheeses (by uniaxial compression) revealed significant differences between batches, with some samples fracturing under the compression pressure applied and others not. Sensory evaluation also revealed significant differences. Non-milk aromas were more frequently detected in batches made with lipolytic micrococcal strains. Betweenbatch differences in tastes and texture were also detected. Multiple correlation analysis of the data obtained at day 15 of ripening revealed statistically significant positive correlations (r>0.70) between S1-casein content and dry matter content, between S1-casein content and sensorially evaluated firmness, and between VFA content and sensorially evaluated rancidity. Statistically significant negative correlations between sensorially evaluated firmness and the ratio of S1-I content to S1-casein content were detected. The results of this study suggest a need for further studies aimed at selecting those strains which could be most suitable for the production of Arzüa cheeses; due to their effects on texture, S1-caseinolytic strains seem to be more appropriate than -caseinolytic ones. 相似文献
997.
Maria Govari Stavros Iliadis Demetrios Papageorgiou Dimitrios Fletouris 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2023,76(1):187-199
Kefalotyri cheese made in December and April using milk from sheep grazing on pastures was aerobically kept, in the dark or under fluorescent light, for 40 days at 4°C. Unsaturated fatty acids, which were higher in April than in December cheese, were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in all cheese samples under both storage conditions. According to lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and carbonyls changes, grated cheese samples stored under fluorescent light showed a higher protein and lipid oxidation as compared to samples stored in the dark. Sensory and colour characteristics were better for cheeses stored in the dark than those under fluorescent light. 相似文献
998.
以再制干酪为研究对象,探究再制干酪在不同乳化温度下(80℃和85℃),从乳化开始到结束(5~30 min),再制干酪功能特性(融化性、油脂析出性)、质构特性、流变学特性和微观结构的变化情况。结果表明,随着乳化时间延长,产品的融化性及油脂析出性呈下降趋势,乳化过程中85℃再制干酪的油脂析出性显著高于80℃再制干酪(P<0.05)。干酪的质构特性随着乳化时间的延长整体呈增大趋势,其中85℃干酪胶着性和咀嚼性显著增大(P<0.05),85℃再制干酪的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼性均大于80℃。两种加工温度的干酪在相同乳化程度下干酪的储能模量(G’)均大于损耗模量(G”),0.1~10 Hz内G’和G”都随频率的升高呈上升趋势。干酪的微观结构显示,乳化5~15 min时脂肪球数量大大减少且直径减小,分布更加均匀,蛋白质基质更加光滑,干酪结构更加致密;但乳化20~30 min时干酪的微观结构呈蜂窝状,即奶油化反应过度。因此,再制干酪加工过程中乳化时间短,奶油化反应不充分;再制干酪乳化时间过长会使质地发生不良变化。再制干酪乳化反应过程中,蛋白质-蛋白质和蛋白质-脂肪的相互作用增强,产品的功能特性... 相似文献
999.
目的:揭示冷藏原料乳制作的干酪成熟过程中生物胺含量变化规律,评价其质量安全性。方法:以冷藏24,48,72 h牦牛乳制作的硬质干酪为研究对象,利用高效液相色谱法对干酪成熟过程中生物胺含量进行测定。结果:在0~6个月成熟过程中,不同冷藏牦牛乳制作的硬质干酪中生物胺含量呈升高趋势。牦牛乳冷藏时间从24 h延长到72 h时,其干酪中总生物胺、2-苯乙胺、尸胺、酪胺和腐胺含量也依次增大。成熟4个月后,冷藏72 h牦牛乳制作的硬质干酪中各生物胺含量明显高于其余两组干酪。成熟6个月时,冷藏72 h原料乳制作的牦牛乳硬质干酪中生物胺总量和酪胺含量分别为(212.94±8.03),(81.04±3.92) mg/kg。结论:随着原料乳冷藏时间和干酪成熟时间的延长,干酪中生物胺含量增多,但是原料乳冷藏时间低于72 h时,其干酪中生物胺含量低于学者建议含量。 相似文献
1000.
分析了调色技术控制的因素,分别从调色灯箱、调色标准、调色动作规范、调色方法、小样反常和调色技巧等6个方面进行了简单的分析,并提出了调色技术控制的要点,指出提高调色技术需统一对色灯箱,统一规范对色动作;保护好对色标准样,不要用手触摸;严格控制小样反常,总结系统性小样反常;保留各种单色样和三原色样供调色人员参考,同时定期组织调色经验技术交流。这些措施对于提高调色技术必将起到良好的作用。 相似文献