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991.
992.
皮肤胆固醇含量可以作为评价动脉粥样硬化的重要指标之一,现有的皮肤胆固醇含量检测主要基于实验室活检进行,缺少快速无创的检测技术和装备。针对以皮肤胆固醇含量为评价指标的动脉粥样硬化的早期快速筛查需求,本文提出了基于荧光光谱法的皮肤胆固醇快速无创检测方法,研发了一种皮肤胆固醇无创检测系统。为了提高测量的准确性和稳定性,该系统对温度引起的检测试剂荧光效率的波动进行了修正。本文结合气相色谱法对测量结果的准确性进行了验证,并通过检测正常人群和动脉粥样硬化高风险人群的皮肤胆固醇含量,明确了该系统的临床应用价值。本文的研究结果表明,462~520 nm波段内的平均荧光强度与温度的相关系数为-0.995(p<0.0001),可据此建立温度校准曲线对由温度差异引起的荧光波动进行修正。校正后,系统测量的皮肤胆固醇含量与气相色谱测量值的相关性显著,相关系数为0.905(p<0.0001)。在动脉粥样硬化高风险人群的筛查实验中,动脉粥样硬化高风险人群和正常人群的皮肤胆固醇检测结果具有显著差异(P=0.0004)。与现有技术相比,基于荧光光谱法的皮肤胆固醇检测技术具有测量快速无创等优势,为大规模开展动脉粥样硬化的早期风险筛查提供了先进技术手段。  相似文献   
993.
伸出织物表面的短、粗纤维末梢是产生贴身纺织品针刺感的主要原因,本质是纤维末梢刺扎并诱发皮肤伤害性机械刺激感受器.通常基于固定-铰接约束条件下弹性压杆轴向压缩稳定性理论,计算纤维末梢的临界压力判断这种感受器的诱发可能性.然而,这种方法忽略了织物握持纤维末梢的强度、纤维末梢接触皮肤的滑动阻力及其柔韧性特征.本文以伸出织物表面的直立纤维末梢为对象,假设其织物握持端为线弹性转动约束、另一端受皮肤的接触反作用力和滑动阻力作用,建立纤维末梢刺扎人体皮肤的弯曲变形力学模型.通过参数化模拟,本文比较分析了纤维末梢在弹性-支撑约束和固定-铰接约束条件下的弯曲变形行为.研究发现,纤维末梢在弹性-支撑约束条件下的弯曲力学行为才能解释其刺扎皮肤产生的大多数力学现象及针刺感现象.  相似文献   
994.
    
Here, a strain‐insensitive, durable, and visualized ultraviolet (UV) detectible multilayered artificial UV shielding skin (MUVS‐skin) is demonstrated. The electrospinning of polyurethane nanofibers and electrospraying of TiO2 nanoparticles are alternatingly conducted to assemble the MUVS‐skin. The results show that the stability of UV shielding property under different strains (50%, 100%, 150%, and 200%) is enhanced as more layers are assembled. The ultraviolet protection factor of the strain‐free MUVS‐skin (119 µm) is 10 810 and reaches to 5685 at 200% strain. Moreover, the effective transmittance (at 365 nm) of MUVS‐skin (119 µm) after being stretched for 10 000 cycles at 200% strain is only 0.125%. This stable UV shielding property is ascribed to the low‐level variation in the porosity of the multilayered structure, which originates from the enhanced slippage between adjacent layers. Furthermore, ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) can be precisely detected as the luminescence of blue and red for the MUVS‐skin integrates with a phosphor layer (MUVS‐skin/P). Owing to the excellent stable UV shielding property, visualized UV detection and durability against cyclic deformation, this MUVS‐skin/P might be extensively applied to the smart wearable artificial skin and protective clothing.  相似文献   
995.
为揭示传统北京烤鸭鸭腿的关键挥发性风味物质,采用固相顶空微萃取-气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用仪(HS-SPME-GC-O-MS)对4种最具代表性北京烤鸭的腿皮、腿肉挥发性风味物质进行定性与定量分析,并结合气味活性值(OAV)与贡献率确定关键挥发性风味物质组分,通过风味重组试验、风味缺失试验与感官评价三角检验法确证北京烤鸭关...  相似文献   
996.
为了研究添加多糖(结冷胶和菊粉)和氯化钙对猪皮冻凝胶品质的影响,单因素实验以猪皮冻硬度、弹性、熔点、感官评分为评价指标,最后通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法,选取感官评分建立回归方程得到最优添加量.结果表明,添加结冷胶提高了猪皮冻熔点、硬度和弹性,添加氯化钙促进结冷胶提高了猪皮冻熔点,添加菊粉改善了猪皮冻的适口性...  相似文献   
997.
    
This study was performed to investigate the distribution of phenolic compounds in the peanut skins of various cultivars, as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect (Arachishypogaea L. cv. K-Ol, cv. Sinpalkwang, cv. Daan, cv. Heuksaeng) and extraction solvent. The major components of red peanut cultivars (K-Ol, Sinpalkwang, and Daan) were identified as proanthocyanidin, catechin, gallic acid, coumaric acid, and hesperidine, whereas the major components of black peanut cultivar (Heuksaeng) were identified as anthocyanin, ferulic acid, and quercetin. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP values were the highest in Daan followed by Sinpalkwng, K-Ol, and Heuksang. Furthermore, the skin extracts of red peanuts effectively improved cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, MDA concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activity (GR, GPx, CAT, and superoxide dismutase) in oxidative stress-induced HepG2 cells, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that red peanut skin extracts could effectively mediate physiological activity and provide valuable information for the use of peanut byproducts as functional food materials.  相似文献   
998.
近年来,近红外光谱、高光谱等快速无损检测技术,被广泛应用于农产品中黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxin B1, AFB1)的检测。但这些方法主要是根据黄曲霉改变样品本身的结构结合化学计量学方法间接检测样品中AFB1,无特异性。因此,本研究拟利用研发的激光诱导荧光(laser induce fluorescence, LIF)技术获取污染AFB1花生油的荧光光谱,建立精确无损检测花生油中AFB1的定性、定量方法。首先,人工制备7种不同AFB1污染水平的花生油样品,同时设置对照组。其次利用研发的LIF系统从不同角度检测样品的荧光光谱信号。最后,对获取的光谱进行分析。结果显示,三个检测角度的荧光强度在400-800 nm内均随着AFB1污染水平的增加而增加,定性和定量的结果均是当检测荧光角度为90度时表现最优。表明当检测角度为90度时,LIF技术可以作为一种快速、精确的方法来判定花生油中AFB1污染水平。  相似文献   
999.
    
Fish processing produces a lot of by‐products highly containing large amount of proteins which mainly consist of collagen, implying great potential value for application as nutraceutical ingredients. In present study, two kinds of sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum and Mustelus griseus, were used as raw material to gain three kinds of “compound peptides” (CPs) by enzymolysis, FCP (CPs from the flesh of C. plagiosum), SCP (CPs from the skin of C. plagiosum), and SMG (CPs from the skin of M. griseus). According to a series of constituent analysis, the molecule weights of FCP, SCP, and SMG were under 800 Da; amino acids composition analysis of FCP, SCP, and SMG showed that there were high glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline and low cysteine contents in SCP and SMG, which is the characteristic of collagen peptides; their total protein contents were 87.500%, 91.875%, and 95.625%, respectively; and heavy metal contents of CPs were all beneath national standards. After three kinds of CPs were administrated intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice at a total dosage of 15 g/kg, bone‐strengthening effects of SCP and SMG were manifested by osteoblasts activity promotion, bone mineral density (BMD) increase, and marrow adipocyte number decrease, yet nonsignificant effects were shown in FCP group. No index showed toxicity of SCP and SMG in subacute toxicology trial, indicating their safety as functional foods. Herein, industrial application foundation of the skins from these two sharks was explored but more efforts should subsequently be implemented for further exploitation.  相似文献   
1000.
    
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the enzymatic aided acid‐swelling process on gelatin obtained from fish by‐products. For this purpose, gelatin was extracted by an acidic swelling procedure in the presence of protease extracted from Rainbow trout pyloric caeca. The yield of gelatin extraction and the most important physicochemical characteristics of the fish gelatin samples were investigated and compared with those of commercial bovine gelatin (CBG). The yields of gelatin from Epinephelus coioides skin (ESG) either with or without crude protease from pyloric caeca (15 units/g alkaline treated) were 14.98% and 50.89%, respectively. The yields of gelatin from Cyprinus carpio scales (CSG) with crude protease from pyloric caeca (15 units/g) were 49.97%. The gel strength of the CSG (259.66 g) was significantly higher than that of CBG (228.30 g) and ESG (187.75 g). Similarly, the gelling and melting points, foaming capacity and stability, and the SDS‐PAGE pattern of gelatins were compared. The electrophoretic pattern confirmed the results of gel strength which was due to the narrower alpha and beta bands in fish skin and commercial bovine gelatins than that of fish scales gelatin. The results of this research showed that the production of high‐quality gelatin can be achieved by the enzymatically aided acid‐swelling procedure from fish scales and skin.  相似文献   
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