直接和间接法测量人膀胱对激光的总衰减系数

利用积分球系统以及采用直接和间接法测量了人正常膀胱和膀胱癌组织对476.5nm,488nm,496.5nm,514.5nm,532nm和808nm激光及其线偏振激光的总衰减系数。结果表明,在这6个波长范围内,采用直接和间接法所得到的膀胱或膀胱癌组织对激光或其线偏振激光的总衰减系数均有显著性差异(P< 0.05),6个波长的激光辐照膀胱或膀胱癌组织的总衰减系数在直接与间接法之间的差值,均明显较其相应的线偏振激光辐照组织的总衰减系数在直接与间接法之间的差值大(P< 0.05)。     

生物组织脱水过程的太赫兹时域光谱

利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术对猪脂肪、肌肉和皮肤三种新鲜组织的持续脱水过程进行在线连续扫描,观察太赫兹波时域谱在组织脱水过程的变化,并分析比较三种组织脱水前后的太赫兹波吸收系数及折射率的改变及差异.结果表明,太赫兹波对新鲜组织含水量的改变十分敏感,新鲜组织的含水量是影响太赫兹波吸收系数的主要因素.同时,不同组织对太赫兹的吸收有明显差异,表明太赫兹光谱技术可以鉴别不同的组织类型.本研究为太赫兹技术在生物医学领域的进一步研究和应用提供了帮助.     

用Monte Carlo方法模拟光在双层生物组织中的传播

利用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法模拟了光在两层具有不同光学参数的组织中的传输。详细讨论了组织间的吸收系数、有效散射系数和各向异性因子ｇ的差异对漫反射率、漫透射率和光强的纵向分布的影响，分析了光强分布变化的原因     

The use of acute phase proteins for monitoring animal health and welfare in the pig production chain: The validation of an immunochromatographic method for the detection of elevated levels of pig-MAP

The serum concentration of acute phase proteins (APPs) increases in the presence of disease or stress, which makes APPs notable parameters for the global assessment of animal health and welfare. A rapid, immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the detection of elevated levels of pig Major Acute-phase Protein (pig-MAP), one of the main APPs in pigs, was evaluated in more than 1400 pig serum samples obtained from commercial farms. The ICT showed a good performance with a relative sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of 94 and 97%, respectively, for a threshold of 1.5 mg/mL (comparison with ELISA). Differences in the pig-MAP levels and the number of positive samples with the ICT were observed within the season of sampling, farms, and age groups at one farm, according to the presence of disease or lesions. The ICT was also evaluated in blood samples obtained at slaughter in association with the carcase inspection. The results from this study indicate that the ICT may be used for the evaluation of groups of pigs, after analysing one sub-sample of these pigs, and might be a useful tool in routine health and welfare monitoring programmes aimed to improve the quality of pig production.     

Determination of metals in fish and mussel species by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry

The concentrations of cadmium, iron, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, chromium and cobalt were determined by ICP-AES in muscles, livers, gills and skins of two fish (Clarias gariepinus and Carasobarbus luteus), and in muscles and gills of two mussel species (Unio terminalis and Potamida littoralis) sampled from the Lake Gölba??. Iron showed the highest levels in all examined tissues of both fish species. Following Fe; Zn showed the second highest levels in all examined tissues of both fish species except Mn levels in muscle and gill of C. luteus. In both mussel species, to the contrary fish, manganese showed the highest levels in examined tissues, and followed by Fe. In both fish species, the all metal concentrations in livers were higher than those in muscles. Concentrations in tissues of the analyzed metals were significantly affected by species. There were differences between the metal levels in the similar tissues of the different species (p < 0.05). At the same time, there was also the differences between the metal concentrations in different tissues of the same species (p < 0.05). Metal levels in tissues were compared with national and international permissible limits. Metal concentrations in both edible and other tissues of the sampled species were within the permissible safety levels for human uses.     

Prevalence of tetracycline resistance and genotypic analysis of populations of Escherichia coli from animals, carcasses and cuts processed at a pig slaughterhouse

A Danish pig slaughterhouse was visited in this study to investigate the impact of carcass processing on prevalence of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli, and to identify the origins of carcass contaminations with E. coli by assessing genetic diversity of E. coli populations on carcasses. A total of 105 carcasses were sampled at five sequential stages: after stunning, after scalding, after splitting, after cooling and after cutting. Total and tetracycline-resistant E. coli were counted for each sample and tetracycline resistance prevalence per sample was calculated by the fraction of tetracycline-resistant E. coli out of total E. coli. From 15 repeatedly sampled carcasses, 422 E. coli isolates from faeces, stunned carcasses, split carcasses and chilled carcasses were examined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The results showed that E. coli counts and the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli per sample were both progressively reduced after each sampling stage. PFGE analysis showed that E. coli populations from stunned carcasses were highly genetically diverse, compared with those from split carcasses and faeces. Thirteen carcasses (87%) were contaminated with E. coli that were also isolated from faeces of either the same or other pigs slaughtered on the same day; and 80% of stunned carcasses shared the same E. coli PFGE subtypes. The results suggest that some carcass processing steps in the slaughterhouse were effective in reducing both E. coli numbers and the tetracycline resistance prevalence in E. coli on carcasses. Faeces from the same or other pigs slaughtered on the same day were likely to be an important source of E. coli carcass contamination. Combined data from E. coli enumeration, PFGE typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing suggest that tetracycline-susceptible E. coli probably persisted better compared to resistant ones during the carcass processing.     

Effect of increasing amounts of a linoleic-rich dietary fat on the fat composition of four pig breeds. Part II: Fatty acid composition in muscle and fat tissues

This paper studies the change of fatty acid profile in four different tissues of the pig (backfat, abdominal fat, and the muscles trapezius and longissimus thoracis et lumborum) in response to four diets containing increasing amounts (0%, 2%, 4% and 8%) of a high linoleic acid fat blend, in a sample of 48 pigs of four different breeds (Landrace, Large White, Duroc and a crossbreed Landrace × Duroc). The effects of dietary fat and breed on this profile have been separately tested for each tissue. The diet effect (increasing % of linoleic acid intake) was positive on linoleic acid deposit in all tissues, meanwhile it was negative on palmitic and stearic levels, as well as for the oleic acid. However, this effect was clear in the four tissues for the linoleic acid, while the differences did not follow the same pattern for the saturated fatty acids in trapezius muscle and abdominal fat. Although the levels of arachidonic acid in muscle tissues were higher than those found in adipose tissues, the increasing effect of the diet was stronger, in relative terms, in adipose tissues. The breed effect was, in general, lower than the diet effect. Landrace showed the higher ability to increase linoleic acid levels, particularly in the loin (longissimus thoracis et lumborum), whereas Duroc pigs seemed to be the most resistant to change of fatty acid composition according to the diet.