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61.
Preozonation facilities were installed at the Los Angeles Aqueduct Filtration Plant originally to enhance coagulation assistance (microflocculation). The Surface Water Treatment Rule will amend this primary purpose to meeting disinfection standards. Additional ozone generation equipment and a revised ozone system operating strategy will be required to accomplish these changed objectives. The topics discussed in this paper are the considerations surrounding the development of a successful, cost-effective operating strategy. The strategy proposed herein was based on data collected between January and July 1991. On-line process monitoring plans and automated system control logic are described. 相似文献
62.
Greg R. Leist 《臭氧:科学与工程》1992,14(6):501-516
The treatment chemical ozone has now been successfully used in the United States in municipal water and wastewater plants for many years. To insure continuous, successful operations of these applications, operating obstacles had to be dealt with and overcome.
In this paper, examples of field operating problems and their solutions are described. The experiences at specific municipal water and wastewater installations are reviewed in detail. Discussed for each example are : the background and effects of the problem, the problem-solving process, and the eventual resolution of the problem. The examples include simple unit operations to entire processes.
By observing the ozone installation's operation several years after start-up, the design of future ozone systems can be improved and operating problems minimized. 相似文献
63.
Ivan Stankovic 《臭氧:科学与工程》1992,14(2):101-121
Ozone currently is being used in several drinking water treatment plants in Yugoslavia. The new Belgrade water treatment plant “Makis” is the largest one with 42 kg/h of installed ozone generating capacity and has been in operation since 1987. This paper describes the main features of ozone application in drinking water treatment. The experimental results of “Makis” pilot-plant investigations and a few examples of ozone application in Yugoslavia are presented. 相似文献
64.
《Ceramics International》2023,49(19):31649-31657
Nowadays, near-infrared phosphor-converted light emitting diodes (NIR pc-LEDs) attract wide attention since the NIR spectroscopy technique can exert itself in many fields. However, most of the developed NIR phosphors are still not commercially viable, because of low internal/external quantum yield and poor thermal resistance. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient irradiance and thermal stable NIR phosphor. In this work, the new GdAl3-x-yGay(BO3)4: xCr3+ phosphors, compared with the original phosphor (x = 0.03, y = 0), when x = 0.03, y = 0.2, the luminescence intensity increased by 2.1 times, and the thermal resistance jumped from 92.0% to 96.7%. At the same time, with the increase of Ga3+, the spectra were gradually red shifted and FWHM widened, attributing to the nephelauxetic effect and the electron-phonon coupling effect enhanced, respectively. Particularly, under 420 nm excitation, the internal and external quantum yield of GdAl2.77Ga0.2(BO3)4: 0.03Cr3+ were 93.4% and 35.5%, respectively, which is higher than the previous research. The electric-optical conversion efficiency of the pc-LED was 10.76%. Finally, the phosphor application experiments revealed that the prepared phosphor has a very high commercial application potential. 相似文献
65.
Malting is a very intensive, energy-consuming process and, from the point of view of energy, green malt drying is one of the most important operations. Double-deck kiln drying, a variant of single-deck kiln drying, is the most commonly used process, but it is usually manually controlled under empirical control actions. These are the reasons why a research project was carried out based on the computer modeling of these process operations including a software tool named CIMFOOD. A knowledge-based system (KBS) allowing the entire processing-plant dynamic behavior simulation and scheduling concerning thermal energy requirements was developed. 相似文献
66.
Guido Walther Andreas Martin Angela Köckritz 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2013,90(1):141-145
A selection of plant oils was catalytically transferred into 1,19-nonadecanedioate by a direct transesterification, isomerization and methoxycarbonylation under mild conditions using Pd/o-C6H4(CH2P t Bu2)2. Additionally, sulfuric acid was demonstrated as being able to substitute methane sulfonic acid as co-catalyst without any significant loss of activity and selectivity. 相似文献
67.
《Chemical Engineering Communications》2013,200(12):1583-1600
A systematic procedure is presented to assist the calibration of tray distillation column models over plant data. Practical suggestions are provided that contribute to reduce the time needed to check the closure of the experimental material and energy balances. Typical modeling inaccuracies that may have a strong impact in the model performance are highlighted. A set of "cold" and "hot" test runs is suggested to minimize the time that is needed to reliably tune the model in view of using it for control system design and testing. The procedure is discussed with reference to the experimental results obtained in a pilot-plant column. 相似文献
68.
《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2013,52(4):757-781
The potential of acetylation of plant fibers to improve the properties of composites was studied. The chemical modification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), coconut fiber (Coir), oil palm frond (OPF), jute, and flax using noncatalyzed acetic anhydride were investigated. Proof of acetylation was indicated by the increase in weight percent gain (WPG). Acetylation at a reaction temperature of 120°C had resulted in the reduction in the tensile properties (stress, modulus, and elongation at break) of EFB and Coir composites. However, at 100°C, the acetylated samples exhibited improved properties. The mechanical properties of acetylated EFB- and Coir-fiber-reinforced polyester composites was evaluated at different fiber loadings. The tensile strength and modulus were improved, but elongation at break was slightly reduced upon acetylation, particularly at high fiber loading. Impact properties were moderately increased for those composites with fiber loadings up to 45%. Acetylation exhibited a low moisture absorption, comparable with glass-fiber composites. Acetylated EFB and Coir composites showed superior retention of tensile and impact properties after aging in water up to 12 months. 相似文献
69.
乙烯装置长周期运行安全风险分析与对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了中国石化茂名石化公司化工事业部乙烯装置长周期运行的安全风险,讨论了风险控制措施。结果表明:乙烯装置连续运行6年,其安全风险属于可容许风险。 相似文献
70.