A novel method of utilizing the biomass resource: Rapid liquefaction of wheat straw and preparation of biodegradable polyurethane foam (PUF)

In the paper, wheat straw was rapidly liquefied in the mild condition. The optimum liquefaction effect was obtained at steam-explosion pre-treatment of wheat straw, liquefaction temperature of 140 °C, solvent/wheat straw ratio of 6:1, glycol (EG):glycerol = 5, sulfuric acid of 5%, and wheat straw of water content of 150%. During the liquefaction, cellulose, semi-cellulose and lignin are decomposed, which results in changes of hydroxyl value, acid value, viscosity and weight-average molecular weight of the reaction system. The liquefaction product was used to prepare polyurethane foam. Compared with the normal PUF, the foam had similar mechanical properties and better water absorption and biodegradability.     

新型无氟发泡工艺技术改进

介绍了传统无氟发泡工艺具体工况,分析了聚氨酯泡沫存在容易产生形变、强度和韧性不高和工艺中附加物分散性不佳等问题,本文提出一种改进的无氟发泡工艺,与传统的无氟发泡工艺相比,改进的无氟发泡工艺能有效解决聚氨酯泡沫易形变的问题,提高了聚氨酯的强度及韧性,增加了附加物的分散性效果,降低了发泡体系设备.对进一步改善无氟发泡工艺技术具有重要意义.     

泡沫塑料分离富集微量银的研究

研究了用聚氨酯泡沫塑料分离富集微量银的方法,对银与邻二氮菲的配合物的吸附选择性和富集效果较佳,在EDTA存在下,其它金属离子不被吸附,银可用1m0l/L HNO_3定量洗脱。     

水布垭电站水轮机导叶端面密封的改进

介绍了水布垭电站水轮机导叶端面密封的运行情况,针对其密封材料易空蚀磨损、检修困难等缺陷,提出了解决缺陷的方法。改进后的机组运行稳定,密封效果良好。     

基于螺旋型铂铱合金电极的植入式葡萄糖生物传感器

采用螺旋型铂铱合金电极设计,旨在提高植入式葡萄糖生物传感器的葡萄糖氧化酶担载量并增大工作电极的电化学活性面积.以扫描电镜(SEM)观察聚氨酯(Polyurethane,PU)半透膜的形貌,采用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法(I-T)考察PU涂覆厚度、PU含量以及酶含量等参数对传感器电化学性能的影响,结果表明:所制备的螺旋型传感器灵敏度在20 nA/(mmol/L)~30 nA/(mmol/L),可在人体生理条件范围内线性检测(2 mmol/L~30 mmol/L)葡萄糖浓度,并且具有良好的重现性、稳定性和选择性,符合电极长期植入式需求,有望作为今后糖尿病患者血糖连续监测的关键器件.     

芳烃聚酯多元醇的合成及应用研究

介绍了以聚对苯对二甲酸乙二醇酯残渣和二乙二醇为主要原料制备低成本芳烃聚酯多元醇的工艺路线，讨论了温度，ＤＥＧ和ＰＥＴ残渣的摩尔比对芳烃聚酯多元醇性能的性能。试验表明，最佳反应温度为１９０℃－２２０℃，最佳摩尔比为１．２２－１．３４。研究了稳定剂对聚酯多元醇组合料贮存稳定性的影响，组合料贮存期在半年以上。聚酯型聚所酯硬泡的氧指数达２７．５％。     

Mechanical property characterization of film-fabric laminate for stratospheric airship envelope

A stratospheric airship can offer a cost effective alternative to earth orbit satellites for telecommunication and science observation. To float in the stratosphere with very thin air density, the airship needs to be designed with envelope materials that are extremely light, flexible and of high strength. Film-fabric laminates, which consist of single plain woven fabric layer impregnated in polymer matrix and are laminated with thin films for environmental and leakage protection, have unique material characteristics compared to conventional composite structures that can be exploited in the design of the high altitude airship envelope materials. In this study, the material characterization of a film-fabric laminate developed for stratospheric airship envelop was conducted. First, uni-axial tests were performed for fabricated specimens to obtain tensile properties. The tests were done in the thermal chamber at low, room, and high temperatures to investigate the temperature dependency. Next, the effective tensile properties were predicted by geometrically nonlinear finite element analyses. The analyses were done for unit cells where the detailed fiber tow architecture was modeled discretely. The analysis results were compared to the test results and investigated focusing on the geometrical nonlinearity and the micro-structural behavior of the laminates.     

全水发泡聚氨酯硬质泡沫降噪性能的研究

采用全水发泡工艺,通过对聚醚多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、交联剂、开孔剂及水加入量的凋节,研制了一种具有较高耐压强度的聚氨酯开孔硬质泡沫塑料。对制备原理,聚醚多元醇的选择,开孔剂的用量,水的用量、泡沫塑料厚度及声波频率等因素对降噪性能的影响进行了初步探讨。实验表明,采用芳香胺类聚醚多元醇A和低黏度聚醚多元醇B相配合,开孔剂的用量（相对于聚醚的质量分数）为3％,泡沫稳定剂用量为2％,水的添加量为4％和泡沫厚度为4～5cm时其降噪效果最好。     

高强碳纤维束丝拉伸性能测试影响因素的研究

研究了3K,6K和12K碳纤维束丝拉伸性能测试过程中的一些影响因素,包括与样品制备相关的胶液浓度、胶液种类、张力、环境湿度以及测试时的拉伸速率。研究结果表明,碳纤维的拉伸性能测试与样品制备及测试过程中的实验条件有很大关系。胶液浓度较低时（〈25％）,纤维拉伸强度比正常值偏低。比较了环氧6101和环氧648两种树脂作胶液的情况,前者得到的碳纤维拉伸强度更高。样品固化时施加合适的张力可得到较高的拉伸性能。另外,样品制备时,随着相对湿度的增加,测得的碳纤维拉伸强度逐渐降低。随拉伸速率的增加,碳纤维的拉伸模量逐渐增加。     

探讨聚氨酯产业的发展

主要描国内外聚氨酯及其上下游产品的生产、消费现状与发展趋势以及未来广阔的应用前景,探讨了以上海为中心建立聚氨酯产业基地,从而推动长江三角洲地区相关产业的发展远景。