公共行政视角下的食品安全监管-风险与问题的辨析

针对目前在食品安全问题上千篇一律的分析方式,本文从公共行政的角度,通过客观辨析食品安全问题和风险二者之间的关系,推断出主要是由于人类对食品中天然风险因素控制不力的行为、对食品安全风险的认识水平与生产、加工安全食品的认知能力不足和生产经营者的主观故意行为促使了食品安全风险向食品安全问题转化。食品安全监管并不是产生食品安全问题的直接原因,但却是防控食品安全问题的关键因素。     

暴露限值法评估广西食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1的暴露风险

目的评估广西食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1的暴露风险。方法结合广西植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1污染状况和人群消费量的调查结果,应用暴露限值(margin of exposure,MOE)法对植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1膳食暴露情况进行分析。结果此次调查中植物油样品黄曲霉毒素B_1含量范围为0.50~320.00μg/kg。其中,花生油的检出率为78.08%(114/146),远高于其他植物油,超标率为31.51%(46/146),平均含量为30.80μg/kg,人群日膳食暴露量为17.30 ng/kg BW,MOE值为18。定型包装花生油中黄曲霉毒素B_1平均含量为6.33μg/kg,低于国家安全标准,处于安全范围;而散装花生油黄曲霉毒素B_1平均为41.50μg/kg,含量高出国家标准1.08倍,人群日膳食暴露量25.59 ng/kg BW,MOE值为12,是定型包装的MOE值的1/8。结论对于散装花生油应优先采取风险管理措施,加大监管力度,并做好人群健康饮食习惯指导。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测饮料中十二种食品添加剂

检测多种食品添加剂在食品中的含量,通常需要分别进行检测。由于各种检测方法的样品前处理及检测仪器条件有很大的区别,因此常规检测不但增加了工作量,延长了工作时间,还降低了工作效率。利用高效液相色谱仪的梯度洗脱和波长切换,实现对饮料类食品中防腐剂、甜味剂、合成着色剂等共12种食品添加剂的同时检测,缩短了检测时间。同时该方法回收率高,精密度和检出限均可满足食品安全检测工作需要,是一种简便、快捷、准确的方法。      

Development of a Risk-Ranking Framework to Evaluate Potential High-Threat Microorganisms, Toxins, and Chemicals in Food

ABSTRACT:  Through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Institute of Food Technologists developed a risk-ranking framework prototype to enable comparison of microbiological and chemical hazards in foods and to assist policy makers, risk managers, risk analysts, and others in determining the relative public health impact of specific hazard–food combinations. The prototype is a bottom-up system based on assumptions that incorporate expert opinion/insight with a number of exposure and hazard-related risk criteria variables, which are propagated forward with food intake data to produce risk-ranking determinations. The prototype produces a semi-quantitative comparative assessment of food safety hazards and the impacts of hazard control measures. For a specific hazard–food combination the prototype can produce a single metric: a final risk value expressed as annual pseudo-disability adjusted life years (pDALY). The pDALY is a harmonization of the very different dose–response relationships observed for chemicals and microbes. The prototype was developed on 2 platforms, a web-based user interface and an Analytica® model (Lumina Decision Systems, Los Gatos, Calif., U.S.A.). Comprising visual basic language, the web-based platform facilitates data input and allows use concurrently from multiple locations. The Analytica model facilitates visualization of the logic flow, interrelationship of input and output variables, and calculations/algorithms comprising the prototype. A variety of sortable risk-ranking reports and summary information can be generated for hazard–food pairs, showing hazard and dose–response assumptions and data, per capita consumption by population group, and annual p-DALY.     

结冷胶凝胶特性及在食品工业中的应用

目的:介绍新型微生物多糖--结冷胶的凝胶特性及其在食品工业中的应用现状和前景.方法:查阅今年来国内外的相关文献报道,并进行分析、整理和归纳.结果:结冷胶组织相容性和复配性能良好,具有良好的透明性,凝胶性能卓越,具有独特的胶凝和融化温度,可形成多种凝胶质构,在极低的用量下形成的预(弱)凝胶可以发挥良好的悬浮、稳定作用.结论:结冷胶作为一种新型凝胶剂,其优异的性能将在食品工业中得到广泛应用.     

Conjoint analysis on the purchase intent for traditional fermented soy product (natto) among Japanese housewives

Abstract: The effect of sensory and extrinsic attributes on consumer intentions to purchase the Japanese traditional fermented soybean product natto was evaluated using conjoint analysis. Six attributes with 2 levels each were chosen and manipulated: price (high compared with low), the country of origin of the soybeans (domestic compared with imported), stickiness (strong compared with moderate), smell (rich compared with moderate), attached seasonings (attached compared with no attached seasonings), and the environmental friendliness of the packaging (high compared with low). A fractional factorial design was applied and 8 hypothetical product labels were produced. A sample of 479 Japanese housewives ranked these product labels based on their purchase intentions. Overall purchase intention was affected by country of origin, attached seasonings, and price; those attributes accounted for 81.0%, while the sensory attributes of the product accounted for 19.0% of purchase intents. In order to estimate market segments for the natto products based on consumer preference, a cluster analysis was performed. It identified 4 segments of consumers: 1 oriented to attached seasonings, another conscious of the price, and the other 2 oriented to origins. The behavioral and demographic characteristics of the respondents had a limited influence on segment membership. Practical Application: This research was conducted to understand how consumers valuate various sensory and nonsensory product attributes based on their assessment of the overall product in the case of Japanese fermented soy product (natto). The data of this research would be of great importance both in understanding consumer behavior and in designing strategies for product development.     

黄连、连翘对几种常见食品污染菌的体外协同抑菌效果

测定了黄连、连翘对6种常见食品污染菌的抑制效果并对其协同抑菌配方进行了优化。通过测定抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度2个指标判定黄连、连翘对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌、汉逊酵母和黑曲霉的抑菌能力大小,并利用FIC值判定黄连、连翘的体外联合抑菌能力。以藤黄微球菌为例,通过配方试验对黄连-连翘体外抑菌协同效应最佳配比进行优化。结果显示,黄连、连翘配伍后对6种菌的抑制能力均有一定的协同或相加效果;对藤黄微球菌的体外联合抑菌配方试验得出黄连、连翘的最佳配比为4.523∶5.477,此时具有最大的协同作用。     

Changes in textural properties of Japanese tenobe somen noodles during storage

Tenobe somen (TS) noodles are traditional Japanese wheat-based noodles that are produced manually using a sophisticated method called tenobe (literally, "hand stretched"). In the tension test, both the tensile strength and extensibility of TS noodles were greater than those of machine-made (MS) noodles. In the biting test, the chewy texture of TS noodles was realized in the analysis of the force-deformation curves of each type of somen noodles. The creep test indicated a clear difference between the external and internal elasticity of TS noodles. The texture of TS noodles appeared to change dramatically during storage in the rainy season. In addition, firm and chewy textures of TS noodles stored for 20 mo were observed. Similar to the results from our previous study, TS noodles exhibited significantly higher dityrosine content than the flour used for their manufacture. However, the increase in the dityrosine content during the manufacturing process was not observed in the case of MS noodles. Although clear textural differences were observed between TS noodles stored for 0 and 20 mo, the dityrosine contents of TS noodles at each stage were not largely different.     

食品酶工程关键技术及其安全性评价

酶工程技术被广泛应用于食品加工业等诸多领域,成为现今新的食品原料开发、品质改良、工艺改造的重要手段.随着食品加工业种类的增多,酶制剂在食品中的应用越来越广泛.对食品酶工程关键技术的开发及其安全性评价,是酶制剂行业在现代食品加工中必须解决的关键科学问题.