好氧反硝化菌群的筛选及其培养条件的研究

从淮北焦化厂A2/O污水处理站二沉池的活性污泥中,采用焦化废水配制的牛肉膏蛋白胨固体培养基（DM100）分离纯化出7株反硝化细菌,并通过梯度添加焦化废水的平板驯化和液体驯化,在DO=2.5 mg/L的条件下复筛出4株具有抗逆性的优势好氧反硝化细菌,分别命名F4、F8、F9、F10.优势单菌株与组合菌群反硝化能力的对比试验表明,4株混合的好氧反硝化菌群生长快速稳定,在相同的试验条件下脱氮效率高于单菌株,48 h的NO3--N去除率为98.75%.4株混合菌群的最适生长条件为：35℃,pH=8.0,C/N比=5,接种量=25%（菌液浓度为（2~3）×107个/mL）.经过筛选和条件优化,优势菌群NO3--N去除率达到90%的降解时间由96 h降到18 h.     

酸奶在储藏过程中酸度、pH值、细菌的变化

将酸奶储藏在不同温度条件下,通过测得其酸度、pH值和乳酸菌活菌数,得出使酸奶的品质变化最小、货架期较长的最佳储藏条件和酸奶的最佳饮用期.先将同批酸奶分别置于常温、4℃和-18℃下,在储藏期不同时间点进行观察,测定其pH值、酸度,观察其感官变化.采用平板菌落计数法计算活菌数.研究表明,常温储藏5 d的酸奶菌含量最高达到4.6×108cfu/mL,酸度为85.7°T,pH=4.08,有少量乳清析出,口感适宜;4℃储藏13 d的酸奶菌含量最高达到4.6×108cfu/mL,酸度为85.5°T,pH=4.05,口感适宜;-18℃储藏19 d的酸奶菌含量最高达到4.5×108cfu/mL,酸度为85.5°T,pH=4.06,但组织结构已发生改变.故4℃储藏的酸奶13 d内饮用最好.     

光合细菌(Z08)啤酒废水资源化研究

为了优化光合细菌处理啤酒废水的工艺条件以实现污水资源化,利用一株新的光合细菌(Z08)处理啤酒废水并回收菌体,探讨在光照厌氧、黑暗好氧、自然光微氧3种不同的环境条件对废水处理效果以及菌体增长的影响.结果表明:光照厌氧条件下COD去除率(88%)大于自然光微氧条件下COD去除率(74%),大于黑暗好氧条件下COD去除率(62%);光照厌氧条件下菌体总量增长率(38%)大于自然光微氧条件下菌体总量增长率(-35%),大于黑暗好氧条件下菌体总量增长率(-43%);光照厌氧条件所需水力停留时间(240h)大于自然光微氧条件所需水力停留时间(60h),大于黑暗好氧条件所需水力停留时间(36h).光合细菌可以实现啤酒废水的处理与资源化,推荐的工艺条件为:白天厌氧,夜晚好氧,光线不足时补充光源.在此条件下既可以快速降解污染物,又能获得较高的光合细菌增长量,此条件时废水中有机物转化为单细胞蛋白的转化率达到26%,有效地实现了污水资源化.     

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理含锌废水的基础研究

从选取菌种开始，通过富集、驯化以及分离等过程筛选出高效去除废水中锌离子的硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）单株菌YY4，并对其除锌机理进行了初步研究。实验结果表明：锌离子主要是结合了SRB的代谢产物S^2-从水溶液中被去除，SRB产生硫离子对于去除锌离子的贡献在72％左右。     

改进的细菌觅食优化算法求解0-1背包问题

细菌觅食优化算法作为一种新兴的智能优化算法,一般用来解决连续域的问题。为了解决离散域问题,提出了一种改进的细菌觅食优化算法。采用线性递减的思想和随机的游动长度代替固定步长和随机游动方向,改进了趋向性操作方案,并将其应用于解决0-1背包问题。将改进的细菌觅食优化算法与遗传算法、离散粒子群优化算法及基本的离散化细菌觅食优化算法分别在小规模和大规模的0-1背包问题上进行了仿真比较,表明了改进的细菌觅食优化算法能取得较好的效果,寻优能力强。     

Influence of Phenolic acids on microbial populations in the rhizosphere of cucumber

Experiments were conducted to determine whether changes in soil microbial populations that occur in response to additions of certain allelopathic phenolic acids to bulk soil also occur in the rhizosphere. Cucumber seedlings were transplanted into cups containing a nutrient-enriched mixture of Portsmouth B₁, soil and sand and were watered five times (once every 48 hr) with aqueous solutions of ferulic,p-coumaric, or vanillic acid (each at 0, 0.25, or 0.50ol/g soil material). Nutrient solution was applied on alternate days. Leaf growth was suppressed by up to 42% by phenolic acids, but changes in root growth varied with the compound and concentration in solution. Significant increases (over 600% relative to controls) in populations of fast-growing bacteria in the rhizosphere were detected after two but not after five treatments, and increases (400% relative to controls) in numbers of fungal propagules were detected after five treatments. Such increases suggested that chronic exposure to a phenolic acid might resuit in high populations of rhizosphere microorganisms that could metabolize the compounds and thus alter observable responses by the plant. To test this, plants were watered repeatedly with a low-concentration solution of ferulic acid (chronic treatments; 0.0 or 0.1mol/g soil material in one experiment, 0.000 or 0.025imol/g soil material in a second) and then once with a highconcentration solution (acute treatment; 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0mol/g soil material in the first experiment; 0.000, 0.125, or 0.250mol/g soil material in the second).Paper No. 12385 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, North Carolina. The use of trade names in this publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service or the United States Department of Agriculture of the products named, nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. Acute treatments and some chronic treatments suppressed leaf growth, but results were inconsistent for root growth. Acute treatments increased numbers of several types of bacteria in the rhizosphere but had inconsistent effects on fungi. Chronic treatments had no effect on numbers of bacteria or fungal propagules in the rhizosphere. Furthermore, chronic treatments did not alter responses of plants or microbial populations to the subsequent acute treatment. Results demonstrated that phenolic acids in soil, which must pass through the rhizosphere before interaction with plant roots can occur, alter the microbial ecology of the rhizosphere. However, microbially mediated acclimation of plants to relatively high concentrations of ferulic acid was not observed.     

细菌对红黏土抗剪强度的影响

为了探究土壤原生细菌对红黏土强度的影响,通过对红黏土中天然赋存的原生细菌进行富集培养,并在红黏土重塑试样中添加培养后的细菌菌液,通过土工试验和电镜试验分析红黏土物理力学性质和微观结构的变化。结果表明:随着细菌的掺入,三轴试样的破坏峰值和压缩模量都有所提高,并且随时间的增长,呈现先增大后减小的趋势;同时从电镜图像上来看,细菌的掺入使得红黏土中粉粒含量有所增加,相应的黏粒含量下降。研究结果可为进一步研究单一的细菌种类对红黏土物理力学性质和微观结构的影响提供参考。     

颗粒污垢模型在微生物污垢研究中的适用性

为了研究微生物污垢的生长过程,本文根据微生物污垢与颗粒污垢形成机理的相似性,尝试了颗粒污垢模型应用于微生物污垢的可行性。结合修正的Gompertz微生物生长动力学模型,本文将三种颗粒污垢模型应用于圆管及交叉缩放椭圆管内的铁细菌污垢。结果表明:颗粒Kern-Seaton模型的计算结果与实验结果的相对误差最小,两管内该模型的相对误差基本都在±10%之间。     

镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的活化工艺及机理

细菌浸出是镁质低品位铁镍硫化矿的潜在处理方案之一。针对该矿石浸出活性较低的问题,研究了硫酸预浸出和硫酸铵焙烧预浸出2种活化方案,并与细菌直接浸出(空白试验)做了比较。结果表明,2种活化方案都有利于金属回收,但硫酸铵焙烧预浸出方案的活化效果更优:浸出时间为8 d时,Ni、Cu和Mg的浸出率分别为90.2%、89.56%和61.19%,分别高于硫酸预浸出方案2.08%、12.2%和8.95%。矿石中的Mg主要在硫酸铵焙烧预浸出阶段进入溶液,细菌对Mg浸出的影响不大。XRD和能谱分析表明:浸出渣中Ni和Cu的残留量很低,Mg主要存在于难浸出的蛇纹石之中。     

Properties of Magnetite Nanoparticles Produced by Magnetotactic Bacteria

The magnetic nanoparticles(magnetite) were prepared through the fermentation of the Magnetospirillum strain WM-1 newly isolated by our group. The samples were characterized by TEM, SAED, XRD, rock magnetic analysis, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. TEM and SAED measurements showed that the magnetosomes formed by strain WM-1 were single crystallites of high perfection with a cubic spinel structure of magnetite. X-ray measurements also fitted very well with standard Fe3O4 reflections with an inverse spinel structure of the magnetite core. The size of crystal as calculated by the Debye-Scherrer's equation was approximately 55 nm. Rock magnetic analysis showed WM-1 synthesized single-domain magnetite magnetosomes, which were arranged in the form of linear chain. The high delta ratio((δFC / δZFC = 4) supported the criteria of Moskowitz test that there were intact magnetosomes chains in cells. The Verwey transition occurred at 105 K that closed to stoochiometric magnetite in composition. These observations provided useful insights into the biomineralization of magnetosomes and properties of M. WM-1 and potential application of biogenic magnetite in biomaterials and biomagnetism.