后曝气池HRT对双泥生物膜亚硝化反硝化除磷工艺的影响

目的 研究双泥生物膜亚硝化反硝化除磷工艺的最佳后曝气池水力停留时间(HRT).方法 通过改变后曝气池出水口位置的方法调节后曝气池HRT,研究不同后曝气池HRT条件下,双泥生物膜工艺的脱氮除磷性能和COD去除率的变化.结果 在后曝气池HRT为2.4h的条件下,系统COD平均去除率为66.68％,NH4-N平均去除率为88.41％,出水NH4+-N平均质量浓度为6.26 mg/L,大部分NH4-N都在前段反应中去除,同步亚硝化反硝化不受COD质量浓度的限制;TP平均去除率在94.88％左右,厌氧释磷率稳定在45.24％左右,缺氧吸磷率最大,维持在54.59％.HRT为4.8h时,TP平均去除率降至59.48％,可利用的COD质浓度逐渐减少,使运行后期的NH4-N氧化率下降.结论 对于长期运行的双泥生物膜亚硝化反硝化除磷工艺,保持后曝气池HRT为2.4h,系统出水COD值可满足排放标准,脱氮效果稳定,除磷效果最好.     

脱毒对热解液中内醚糖及紫色光合菌利用热解液的影响

研究了不同脱毒材料和处理方式对热解液中内醚糖及紫色光合菌利用热解液的影响.实验结果表明,脱毒处理能显著改善紫色光合菌对热解液的利用效率,不同的脱毒材料对热解液中的内醚糖吸附程度有较大的差异.以氢氧化钙和活性炭联用处理后,紫色光合菌对热解液的利用效果最好,对内醚糖的利用率在培养的第4 d即达到77.7%,培养6 d对热解液的利用率达到94.1%,远高于未脱毒处理时的利用效率（61.9%,14 d）.几种脱毒处理方式中,以氢氧化钙处理时对内醚糖的吸附最少（15.1%）,而以717阴离子交换树脂处理时对内醚糖的吸附量最高（68.8%）.     

硫酸盐还原菌处理重金属铬离子废水的实验研究

以静态试验的方式,研究了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理不同浓度的重金属铬离子废水,以及研究了对不同浓度铬离子废水处理不同时间后的各自处理效率,从而得到处理效率最佳的初始铬离子浓度和处理时间。结果表明:当铬(Ⅵ)离子废水初始浓度为50 mg/L到100 mg/L时,SRB菌对铬(Ⅵ)离子废水的处理效率最好,达到99.62%和99.74%;并且较为经济的最佳处理时间为1 h。     

臭氧对生物增强活性炭系统中菌群稳定性影响研究

为提高生物增强活性炭(BEAC)工艺的生物稳定性,进行臭氧工艺对固定的优势菌群稳定性的影响研究。结果表明,臭氧投加量1.5～2.5mg/L,接触时间大于10min时,可有效杀灭进水中的杂菌,且产生的余臭氧量(小于0.25mg/L)不会影响后续工艺中优势菌群的生物活性。通过对比臭氧—BEAC和单独BEAC工艺滤料表面菌群组成随运行时间的变化规律,臭氧—BEAC工艺优势菌在活性炭表面始终占主导地位,菌种组成及生态结构未发生改变,有较好的生物稳定性。单独BEAC工艺运行至6个月时,菌群组成发生较大变化,优势菌数量减少。通过扫描电镜观察,运行6个月的臭氧—BEAC炭上形成菌体重叠的菌团结构,并有较多未被生物覆盖的滤料表面和空缺的地方。单独BEAC工艺活性炭表面粗糙结构较少,被大量污染物与菌团相互包裹的颗粒所覆盖。     

The Feasibility of Immobilization of Bioflocculant-producing Bacteria Using Mycelial Pellets as Biomass Carriers

Bioflocculant-producing bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens F2 and Bacillus sphaeicus F6 were immobilized onto mycelial pellets to investigate the bioflocculant-producing potential of this combined organism and the corresponding flocculating efficiency. The atomic force microscope (AFM) images of mycelial surface indicate that the mycelia pellet can immobilize bioflocculant-producing bacteria F2 and F6 as a biomass carrier. The flocculating efficiency of bioflocculant produced by this combined organism was studied under the optimum flocculating conditions obtained by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The fermentation yield of the combined mycelial pellet is about 2.6 g/L, which is higher than that of the free bacteria (only 2.2 g/L). Flocculating efficiency of the combined mycelial pellet was comparable with that of bioflocculant generated by the free bacteria. The bioflocculant yield is enhanced and the flocculating efficiency of the co-culture is uninfluenced after immobilized with mycelial pellet as a carrier. In conclusion, the mycelial pellet is feasible as a biomass carrier for the immobilization of bioflocculant-producing bacteria.     

基于城市污水好氧颗粒污泥脱氮除磷系统种群多样性研究

采用16S rDNA克隆文库方法对城市污水脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥的细菌种群进行了多样性研究.从16SrDNA克隆文库中随机挑选110个克隆子测序并进行了BLAST比对.结果表明:好氧颗粒污泥序批式反应器(GSBR)系统中细菌群落具有高度多样性,包含14个类群,优势细菌类群为Proteobacteria类群(变形菌类群),占85.18%;细菌类群优势顺序为β-Proteobacteria、α-Proteobacteria、γ-Proteobacteria、uncultured Bacteroidetes、Candidatedivision TM7、δ-proteobacterium、Firmicutes、Planctomycetacia、Actinobacteria、Sphingobacteria、Flavobacteria、Cytophagia、Uncultured bacterium和Uncultured anaerobic bacterium.初步分析了不同细菌类群在脱氮除磷系统中的作用,其中,Proteobacteria纲中部分为聚磷菌,Acidovorax sp.、Planctomycetacia、Cytophagia、Flavobacteria对氮的脱除均有一定作用.     

浮床组合生物技术对湖泊富营养化水体氮磷去除效果试验研究

试验采用浮床栽培香根草、在浮床周围悬挂人工介质、并定期向水体中投加光合细菌的组合技术,对湖泊富营养化水体进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,浮床组合生物技术对湖泊富营养化水体中的总氮、总磷具有明显的去除效果,能显著改善富营养化水体的水质;同时试验结果表明通过向水体中投放鱼类来延长生物链,更有利于提高浮床组合生物修复技术对富营养化水体的净化能力.     

微生物处理含钒废水中V5+、Cr6+的实验研究

对含钒废水处理现状进行了分析，采用复合功能菌对钒制品废水中V^5＋、Cr^6＋重金属离子进行处理。结果表明：用微生物工艺流程处理含钒废水中V^5＋、Cr^6＋重金属离子技术上可行；V^5＋、Cr^6＋去除率最高达99．9％；出水金属离子浓度达到国家排放标准。     

硅酸盐细菌在资源工程中的应用研究现状

对硅酸盐细菌的特性及在矿物加工领域中的应用现状作了较全面的综述；重点概括了硅酸盐细菌用于分解矿物、提取有价金属、矿石除杂、浮选、水处理等矿物加工方面的最新进展；同时，对硅酸盐细菌的解矿机理及在溶矿方面应用存在的问题进行了分析。     

Fecal Coliform Removal within a Marshland Upwelling System Consisting of Scatlake Soils

The marshland upwelling system (MUS) was installed on private camps in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Moss Point, Mississippi. The system was evaluated for its effectiveness in removing fecal coliforms from settled, raw wastewater. A suite of studies was performed at flow rates of 1.9, 2.8, and 5.5 L/min and an injection frequency of 30 min every 3 h to investigate fecal coliform removal. An additional study was performed at a flow rate of 2.8 L/min and an injection frequency of 15 min every hour. Overall, the MUS consistently maintained fecal concentrations below effluent regulatory standards for shellfish harvesting waters (14 most probable number of colonies per 100 mL). Mean influent concentrations of 55,269±2,218,016 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL were reduced to effluent counts of 2.7±14.07 CFU/100 mL (observed in the 1.5 m wells). Three- to four-log reductions in influent counts were observed over the initial 1.4 vector?m from the injection well. The overall removal followed a first-order decay relationship with respect to vector distance, resulting in removal rate constants ranging from 5.6 to 6.6/m and predicted surface concentrations approaching 0 CFU/100 mL. The 2.8 L/min for 30 min every 3 h treatment provided the best effluent quality.