Identification of Species Origin of Meat and Meat Products on the DNA Basis: A Review

The adulteration/substitution of meat has always been a concern for various reasons such as public health, religious factors, wholesomeness, and unhealthy competition in meat market. Consumer should be protected from these malicious practices of meat adulterations by quick, precise, and specific identification of meat animal species. Several analytical methodologies have been employed for meat speciation based on anatomical, histological, microscopic, organoleptic, chemical, electrophoretic, chromatographic, or immunological principles. However, by virtue of their inherent limitations, most of these techniques have been replaced by the recent DNA-based molecular techniques. In the last decades, several methods based on polymerase chain reaction have been proposed as useful means for identifying the species origin in meat and meat products, due to their high specificity and sensitivity, as well as rapid processing time and low cost. This review intends to provide an updated and extensive overview on the DNA-based methods for species identification in meat and meat products.     

鸡肉酶解过程中呈味成分变化规律研究(英文)

本文研究了Alcalase水解鸡肉过程中其呈味成分变化规律。在整个酶解过程中,游离氨基酸和可溶性氮含量一直以不同趋势增加,而肽含量则在前16h增加,然后缓慢降低。鲜/甜味、苦味氨基酸的组成与含量对鸡肉酶解产物的最终风味有很大的影响。酶解产物中的糖在酶解2h后达到最大值,然后总体上表现为下降趋势。由于酶解产物中糖量较低,其对酶解产物的风味影响不大,但其对产物颜色有重要影响。酶解中,pH在前20min内显著下降,然后减势变缓直到几乎保持恒定,这表明酶解产物的缓冲能力明显增强。     

德阳市场肉制品质量调查

分析肉制品的质量状况,为生产企业找出改进方向,提高肉制品的质量,提高产品合格率。选择有代表性的肉制品采样,依据有关标准进行检验分析。在总共51份肉制品样品中,总合格率为76.47%。在不合格的指标中,水分占33.33%,酸价占25.00%,亚硝酸盐残留占16.67%,细菌总数、蛋白质和过氧化值各占8.33%。     

烘烤条件对鸡肉糜脯品质影响的研究

以鸡肉为原料,研究鸡肉糜脯工艺中的烘烤环节对终产品色泽、硬度和感官等品质的影响。通过正交实验,确定了鸡肉糜脯烘烤的最佳工艺条件是烘制温度为60℃,烘制结束水分为42%,烤制温度为120℃,烤制结束水分含量为25%。通过极差分析可知:最终水分含量对色泽、硬度和感官结果的影响都是最大的。     

Effect of Echinacea purpurea L. on oxidative status and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers

BACKGROUND: Echinacea purpurea L. (EP) is a popular herbal antioxidant and immunomodulator. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of EP on meat quality and oxidative status in broilers. Two hundred and fifty (1‐day‐old) male broilers (Arbor Acres) were randomly allocated to five groups including the control (corn‐soybean meal diet) and 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% EP powder groups, with two replicates per treatment group. RESULTS: The results indicated that the addition of 0.5% and 1.0% EP significantly increased water‐holding capacity and decreased storage loss of breast and thigh fillets at 35 days old. For fillet colour, L* (lightness) values were lower, and a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values were higher with EP supplementation. Lower crude fat contents were observed in EP groups in comparison with control at 35 days of age in breast and thigh fillets, respectively. Production of malondialdehyde was slightly reduced in serum of EP supplemented birds compared to the control group. Results for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher for the 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% EP supplemental groups than control group in serum. Liver and spleen tissues results showed that the antioxidative enzymes activities were higher with EP powder at 35 days of age. CONCLUSION: Dried EP can be used as a feed additive to improve the meat quality and oxidative status in Arbor Acres broilers. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chelex 法结合环介导间接聚合酶链式反应检测肉制品单增李斯特菌

目的：建立肉制品中单增李斯特菌环介导间接聚合酶链式反应检测体系,实现快速检测。方法：采用Chelex法从肉制品中分离模板DNA,根据单增李斯特菌hlyA基因的保守区设计两条探针,将探针标记于报告基因(大豆Lectin基因)的两端,此标记的报告基因与待测靶基因经杂交、缺口补平、环化后,采用反向聚合酶链式反应扩增报告基因,实现对靶基因的检测。结果：该检测体系检出限低于100CFU/g(mL),且与其他食源性致病菌的检测无明显交叉反应,对200份肉制品进行检测,阳性率为2.5%,与传统细菌分离检测结果完全相符。结论：环介导间接聚合酶链式反应可以快速、灵敏、特异检测肉制品中单增李斯特菌污染。     

UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of Sudan dyes and Para Red in food

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of Sudan dyes (Sudan Red G, Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan Red 7B and Sudan IV) and Para Red in food by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and water added into the extract. The supernatant was analysed by UPLC-MS/MS after refrigeration and centrifugation. The sample was separated on an Acquity BEH C₁₈ column, and detected by MS/MS with the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Matrix calibration was used for quantitative testing of the method. The linear matrix calibrations of Sudan dyes and Para Red were 2–50 and 10–250 ng g^?1, respectively, and the regression coefficients were >0.9945. The recoveries were 83.4–112.3% with good coefficients of variation of 2.0–10.8%. The limits of detection were between 0.3 and 1.4 ng g^?1 for the six Sudan dyes, and between 3.7 and 6.0 ng g^?1 for Para Red. The limits of quantification were between 0.9 and 4.8 ng g^?1 for the six Sudan dyes, and between 12.2 and 19.8 ng g^?1 for Para Red.     

膜芯片用于肉制品中动物源性成分检测的研究

目的研究膜芯片技术检测肉类及其制品中动物源性成分,验证该技术的准确性及可行性。方法利用膜芯片检测肉制品中的动物源性成分,对样品中猪、牦牛、驴及羊源性成分的灵敏度、检出限进行相关实验,并就实际样品的检测与国家标准进行比较。结果该技术用于动物源性成分检测特异性良好,4种动物源性检测的灵敏度为0.1 ng,检出限为0.1%(w:w),适用的样品种类较广,实际样品的检测结果与国家标准荧光PCR法一致。结论该技术可作为快速筛选的方法,为肉制品的动物源性成分鉴定和掺假检测提供理论依据。     

冷却猪肉pH值变化与肉汁渗出率的关系研究

为了解决冷却肉流汁过多的问题,本项研究分别选取不同部位的猪肉作实验材料,在同等处理条件下检测了不同时点猪肉的pH值和肉汁渗出率。结果表明:不同部位猪肉的pH值下降速率和极限pH值存在一定的差异,有的存在极显著差异(p<0.01);较高的pH值下降速率和较低的极限pH值会导致较高的肉汁渗出率。     

肉制品加工中使用的辅料(四) 着色剂及其在肉制品中的应用

本文论述了着色剂的种类、发展趋势,及其在肉制品中的使用原则和检测方法。