Phenol degradation in a fixed‐bed bioreactor using micro‐cellular polymer‐immobilized Pseudomonas syringae

Highly porous (85% void volume) polymer beads with interconnecting micro‐pores were prepared for the immobilization of Pseudomonas syringae for the degradation of phenol in a fixed‐bed column bioreactor. The internal architecture of this support material (also known as PolyHIPE Polymer) could be controlled through processing before the polymerization stage. The transient and steady state phenol utilization rates were measured as a function of substrate solution flow rate and initial substrate concentration. The spatial concentration of the bacteria on the micro‐porous support particles as well as within them was studied using scanning electron microscopy at various time intervals during the continuous operation of the bioreactor. It was found that although bacterial penetration into the porous support was present after 20 days, bacterial viability however, was compromised after 120 days as a result of the formation of a biofilm on the support particles. The steady state phenol utilization at an initial phenol concentration of 200 mg cm^?3 was 100% provided that the flow rate was less than 7 cm³ min^?1. Substrate inhibition at a constant flow rate of 4.5 cm³ min^?1 was found to begin at 720 mg dm^?3. The critical dilution rate for bacteria washout was high as a result of the highly hydrophobic nature of the support and the reduction of pore interconnect size due to bacterial growth within the pores in the vicinity of the surface of the support. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Production of salicylate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida UUC-1 and its application in the construction of a biosensor

The enzyme salicylate hydroxylase was produced from Pseudomonas putida UUC-1 in an 80 dm³ 16 h batch fermentation process yielding, ～ 9 K units per 60 dm³. This enzyme preparation has been studied for its application in the construction of biosensor systems, e.g. carbon past electrodes, screen-printed carbon electrodes, and disposable carbon enzyme electrodes, which will be used for the rapid estimation of salicylate in blood sample. The linear range of the disposable carbon enzyme electrode in response to salicylate was achieved to 1·8 mmol dm^?3.     

Identification of endophytic bacterial strain MGP1 selected from papaya and its biocontrol effects on pathogens infecting harvested papaya fruit

BACKGROUND: Traditional approaches to the control of diseases of papaya fruit rely on the use of synthetic chemicals, which can cause serious human health and environmental problems. Endophytes might be used as an alternative to chemicals to effectively control diseases of harvested papaya fruit. RESULTS: MGP1 was one of the biological control agents that was selected from the pericarp of papaya and identified as Pseudomonas putida biovar A. The bacterium was able to colonise in the lamina, leafstalk, pericarp and pulp of papaya and strongly inhibit ten kinds of phytopathogen. Positive control effects were achieved when fruits were challenged with Phytophthora nicotianae at 24 and 48 h after MGP1 treatment. The control effect of MGP1 on anthracnose of harvested papaya fruit reached 54%. The application of MGP1 at five preharvest stages of papaya significantly reduced the disease index of anthracnose, with the best control effect reaching 63% after application at the florescence stage. However, the rate of latent infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was significantly reduced only after application at the florescence stage. CONCLUSION: The results indicated the powerful ability of MGP1 as a biological agent. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

高通量测序分析混合菌群中的呕吐毒素降解菌

为筛选具有降解脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol,DON）能力的微生物,利用高通量测序方法分析混合菌群中的DON降解菌。从土壤中获得具有DON降解能力的混合菌群LG-6,并发现不同梯度稀释倍数的混合菌群之间DON降解效果具有明显差异。稀释至10－7时混合菌群LG-6-7能完全降解DON,而稀释至10－8时混合菌群LG-6-8不能降解DON。对这2?个混合菌群的微生物多样性进行分析,发现混合菌群LG-6-7包括假苍白杆菌属、节细菌属、假单胞菌属、代尔夫特菌属和德沃斯氏菌属,而混合菌群LG-6-8包括假苍白杆菌属和节细菌属。故推测假单胞菌属、德沃斯氏菌属和代尔夫特菌属在降解DON的过程中必不可少。此外,假单胞菌B6-24和德沃斯氏菌A6-243混合培养时,48?h内完全降解DON。该混合菌群培养温度为37?℃、pH?7.0,培养基为MMT培养基,并发现该混合菌群是通过微生物代谢产生的酶对DON进行降解。本研究发现能完全降解DON的假单胞菌B6-24和德沃斯氏菌A6-243混合菌群,为呕吐毒素生物脱毒剂的研发提供一定理论依据。     

铜绿假单胞菌发酵产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂的方式及条件研究

该文综述了铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）生成鼠李糖脂的相关发酵技术的研究概况,包括液态发酵、半固态发酵和固态发酵等。重点介绍了影响液态发酵的相关因素,如碳源、氮源、无机盐、温度、pH、消泡方法及分批补料发酵等的研究现状,以期为今后利用铜绿假单胞菌发酵生产鼠李糖脂生物表面活性剂提供研究思路和技术参考。     

耐有机溶剂脂肪酶产生菌的筛选及其酶学性质

以体积分数10%的甲苯等有机溶剂为筛选压力,从油污和污水等样品中筛选到一株产耐有机溶剂脂肪酶的有机溶剂耐受茵LX1,经16 S rDNA序列分析,该菌株鉴定为Pseudomonas aeruginosa.研究发现菌株LX1所产脂肪酶最适反应pH和温度分别为7.0和40℃,在较宽的pH范围内(6.5～10.5)具有较高的稳定性;金属离子鏊合剂EDTA和Ba~(2+)、Ca~(2+)对LX1脂肪酶活力均有明显的激活作用,推测该脂肪酶为金属激活酶.LX1脂肪酶在体积分数25%的疏水性和亲水性有机溶剂中均具有较好的耐受性,在十六烷、十四烷、十二烷、正庚醇、正辛醇和正己醇体系中半衰期显著延长到10 d以上,在DMF和DMSO体系中的半袁期为5 d以上,均高于在无溶剂体系中的半衰期.展现了LX1脂肪酶在有机相生物催化中的良好应用前景.     

Evaluation of dermal toxicity of antibacterial cotton textile coated by sol-gel technology

This paper reports about cotton textile modification by sol-gel technology with the purpose of obtaining antibacterial properties, evaluation of antibacterial properties and dermal toxicity tests of cotton textile with Zn and Si coating. Antibacterial properties evaluation against pathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli made using the Parallel streak method in accordance with ATCC147 standard. For more specific evaluation of the coated textile, in vitro cytotoxicity test with epidermal HaCat cells was done. It is concluded that the coatings containing Zn and Si obtained by the sol-gel technology can impart antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria to the textile by preventing the bacteria from growing; strong inhibition of growth was detected for all test microorganisms. Based on the dermal toxicity test results, it is not expected that the prolonged contact of the skin with coated textiles will have a negative impact on the skin tissue – epidermis.     

施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri产卡拉胶酶液体发酵条件优化

以从红树林底泥中分离筛选的施氏假单胞（Pseudomonas stutzeri）为对象，采用单因素和正交实验方法，通过摇瓶发酵方式对其产卡拉胶酶发酵条件进行了研究。得到最佳培养基配方和培养条件分别如下：卡拉胶0．3‰，酵母浸粉0．1‰，NaNO30．3‰，乳糖0．04％，吐温-800．2‰；起始pH值6．0，温度32℃，装样量90mL／250mL，接种量13％，摇床转速160r／min。在最佳条件下，发酵液的酶活力为26．5U／mL，比优化前的活力提高了80％。     

Growth, survival and inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of various origin in the presence of ethanol

The influence of ethanol on the behaviour of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains was evaluated throughout this study. Strains of different origin were used: collection, clinical and industrial strains were selected. Concentrations of ethanol from 0 to 20% (v/v) were evaluated by automated optical density measurements and by enumeration. When growth conditions were observed, predictive microbiology models were used to assess quantitatively for the ethanol effect. Primary modelling of kinetics was performed to determine growth rate values; secondary modelling was performed on these growth rates as influenced by ethanol, and minimum inhibitory concentrations of ethanol were determined for each strain. Staphylococcus aureus strains were more resistant to ethanol than P. aeruginosa strains, in growth conditions as well as in inactivation conditions. Furthermore, clinical S. aureus strains were more resistant than the collection strain. The method was promising for management of microbiological safety in cosmetics.