工程设计的发展趋势和未来

论述了工程设计的发展趋势。介绍了未来社会环境与需求，现代设计概念与方法学和工程设计管理。     

关于内燃机缸套活塞环磨合过程的数学模型

从混合润滑和磨合动力学的角度出发，以表面粗糙度和磨损率为状态参量，建立一个关于内燃机缸套、活塞环摩擦学系统磨合过程的数学模型，分析了影响磨合过程的各种参数对磨合的影响，为磨合过程的动态仿真提供了基于润滑的表面形貌分析的理论依据     

起重机运行机构“啃轨”的原因分析

分析了起重机运行机构“啃轨”的主要原因，对“啃轨”的检验进行了说明；从起重机本体原因、行车轨道偏差以及外界气候等原因分析了起重机运行机构“啃轨”的各种成因；表述了啃轨的危害。     

单向可控硅在杂物电梯运行控制中的应用

单向可控硅用作静态直流开关时,其开关特性具有信息记忆功能。据此,以单向可控硅及其触发信号控制电路,关断信号控制电路,负载(功率继电器)和其它元件,组成了一种适用于杂物电梯运行控制要求的电控系统,已成功地应用于该类电梯中.就线路的基本工作原理,系统的设置与功能等方面进行了详细的阐述,并对线路设计中的一些重要技术问题进行了必要的说明。     

磨合过程中表面形貌变化的分形表征

磨合是各运动副在投入运行前为获得好的配合性、提高承载能力所必须经历的过程,表面形貌的明显变化是磨合过程中表现出的重要特征。本文引入分形理论,用分形参数表征磨合表面的形貌变化。研究表明,磨合表面变化的分形参数表征是简单有效的。     

热回收系统在酒店工程中的应用分析

针对某酒店空调工程的特点选择了热回收空调方案，介绍了该系统的设备选型及运行管理方法，并与传统中央空调加锅炉方案进行了经济性比较，证明热回收空调系统能降低运行成本，取得良好的经济效益。     

The role of athlete response tests in the biomechanical evaluation of running shoes

Abstract

The protection that the running shoe can offer against shock forces has been investigated by standard mechanical tests of individual materials or of a combination of materials used in running shoe manufacture, and by testing the athlete's response to a shoe by measuring the ground reaction forces produced by the runner while running in the shoes. The latter approach to the evaluation of running shoes has some considerable attraction because it purports to represent a more direct evaluation of the shoes' performance and accounts for the interaction that the athlete has with the shoe.

Measurements made on running shoes in this way have yielded some useful data on, for example, the effect of barefoot and shod-foot running, the effect of running speed and the effect of body weight on the magnitude of ground reaction forces. There have also been some anomalous results reported which indicate that the athlete's interaction with his running shoe is not as predictable or as consistent as was first thought. This has made detailed investigations of running shoe properties difficult.

This paper presents data from a series of studies which have attempted to uncover the nature of the inconsistency in the athlete's interaction with his running shoes. The results lead to the hypothesis that during the evaluation of various running shoe conditions, the athlete adopts a ‘movement pattern fixation’ which produces a consistent interaction with a particular shoe, but this fixation may change when the shoe or other conditions change. The implication of this hypothesis is that in the testing of running footwear using the athlete's responses, methods should be employed to establish the limits within which any movement pattern fixation may occur as a precursor to evaluating the footwear itself.     

船闸运调系统模型的建立

船闸实现基于C／S的运调系统,不仅是船闸现代化管理的需要,而且能够极大程度地提高船闸的工作效率。本文主要应用关系数据库理论分析了系统的用户需求,运用E—R图设计了该系统的数据库,保证了数据库的冗余度和完整性;应用面向对象的理论用UML建模语言分别建立了系统的用例图、类图、顺序图。     

Modeling,analysis and control of robot–object nonsmooth underactuated Lagrangian systems: A tutorial overview and perspectives

So-called robot–object Lagrangian systems consist of a class of nonsmooth underactuated complementarity Lagrangian systems, with a specific structure: an “object” and a “robot”. Only the robot is actuated. The object dynamics can thus be controlled only through the action of the contact Lagrange multipliers, which represent the interaction forces between the robot and the object. Juggling, walking, running, hopping machines, robotic systems that manipulate objects, tapping, pushing systems, kinematic chains with joint clearance, crawling, climbing robots, some cable-driven manipulators, and some circuits with set-valued nonsmooth components, belong this class. This article aims at presenting their main features, then many application examples which belong to the robot–object class, then reviewing the main tools and control strategies which have been proposed in the Automatic Control and in the Robotics literature. Some comments and open issues conclude the article.     

新形势下高校办学自主权的基本内容及其实施

高校自主办学是一种重要的高等教育管理思想,它倡导改变高校从属于政府部门的地位,使之真正成为面向社会自主办学的法人实体。随着高等教育的发展和社会的进步,高校办学自主权的问题显得越来越迫切。转变办学观念、依法自主办学,是社会主义市场经济条件下高等教育体制改革的必然选择。