Simulation study of the influence of leak electrons on the discharge characteristics of a cusped field thruster

Previous studies have shown that leak electrons in cusped field thrusters can move along the channel axis to the anode after crossing the magnetic cusp on the exit. In this paper, a one- dimensional fluid model is built along two typical electron paths to study the influence of leak electrons on the discharge characteristics of a cusped field thruster, considering the electron temperature equation. It is found that the frequencies of low-frequency oscillations increase with a decrease in the proportion of leak electrons, which is related to an increase in the ion speed in the channel. Simulation results show that the position of the peak electron temperature is near the magnetic cusp on the exit and the position of the peak electron density is located downstream from the middle magnetic tip. With a decrease in the proportion of the leak electrons, the peak electron temperature and peak electron density decrease and the position of the peak electron density moves away from the exit, which is related to a decrease in the potential fall on the exit and an increase in confinement of electrons to the middle magnetic cusp.     

Basic information on new regulatory criteria requiring on-site emergency preparedness for accelerator facilities in Japan

For basic information on new regulatory criteria, the dose rate around a thick target bombarded by proton, electron, or carbon beam having incident energy of 10 MeV–50 GeV (per nucleon in case of carbon) was simulated using the PHITS Monte Carlo code. Based on this simulation, the benchmark which is ‘1 Sv/h at 1 m away from the beam line’ assuming 1% beam loss was evaluated, and compared with the criteria in France and Canada. Based on this evaluation, a new regulatory criteria has been established for requiring on-site emergency preparedness for accelerator facilities in Japan, which is required for the ion accelerator beyond the ion beam of 100 MeV/nucleon and 0.5 kW beam power, and the electron accelerator beyond the electron beam of 50 MeV energy and 1 kW beam power.     

电子辐照GaInP/GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池少子寿命的变化

为研究电子辐照空间太阳电池的损伤机制,对电子辐照GaInP/GaAs/Ge三结太阳电池进行了光致发光谱测量,分析了GaInP顶电池及GaAs中间电池发光强度随电子注量的变化规律。利用辐射效率关系对归一化发光强度随电子辐照注量的变化进行了拟合,分别得到了GaInP顶电池及GaAs中间电池在不同辐照条件下的少子非辐射复合寿命τ_nr,通过对比辐照前后少子非辐射复合寿命的衰降变化,发现GaInP顶电池的抗辐照性能优于GaAs中间电池。     

Laser induced photo-detachment of O_2 in DC discharge

Determination of the negative ion number density of O~-_2and O~-in a DC discharge of oxygen plasma was made employing Langmuir probe in conjunction with eclipse laser photodetachment technique.The temporal evolution of the extra electrons resulting from the photodetachment of O~-_2and O~-were used to evaluate the negative ion number density.The ratio of O~-_2number density to O~-varied from 0.03 to 0.22.Number density of both O~-_2and O~-increased with increasing power and decreased as the pressure was increased.Electron number density was evaluated from the electron energy distribution function(EEDF)using the I–V recorded characteristic curves.Electron temperature between 2 and 2.7 eV were obtained.Influence of the O_2(a~1Δ_g)metastable state is discussed.     

高LET的7Li离子致DNA损伤的直接和间接作用研究

在HI-13串列加速器加速的具有高LET值的7Li离子辐照不同浓度的pUC19质粒DNA水溶液、加自由基清除剂(甘露醇)的DNA水溶液以及干状DNA样品,利用高分辨的原子力显微镜技术,研究7Li致DNA损伤的直接作用和间接作用.结果显示,在相同剂量下,7Li离子比低LET辐射能诱发更多的双链断裂,形成更多的集团损伤,使DSB的分布更局部和更密集.对于水溶液DNA,7Li离子的水辐解产生的自由基的间接作用在DNA分子链断裂的产生方面发挥着重要作用,而且自由基清除剂甘露醇能有效地保护DNA分子.     

Enhanced field emission from nano-graphite coated carbon nanotubes

An effective method by low energy carbonhydrogen ion treatment to enhance field emission of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is demonstrated. Comparing with control, field emission (FE) currents of the CNTs by carbonhydrogen ion irradiation increased, and the turn-on field and the threshold field decreased significantly. The structure characteristic revealed by transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that CNTs are coated by nano-graphite particles after being treated with low energy carbonhydrogen ion and that there are large quantities of defects and grain boundaries in the coated layer. It is considered that the coating layer can decrease the effective surface work function of CNTs and correspondingly increase field emission. In addition, the defects, the grain boundaries and the C-H dipoles forming in the process of the low energy ions irradiation can effectively enhance the field emission.     

电子束焊接及局部热处理复合技术的数值分析

电子束焊接及局部热处理复合技术是一种多功能的电子束加工技术.文中以ANSYS有限元分析软件为平台,对2,6和12 mm厚的TC4钛合金平板电子束焊接和局部热处理时的温度场和应力场进行了数值模拟计算,详细分析了局部热处理对不同厚度钛合金平板电子束焊接温度场和残余应力场的影响规律.结果表明,在给定的计算条件下,2 mm厚TC4钛合金平板的电子束局部热处理效果最好,电子束局部热处理后上表面距焊缝中心线4 mm的区域内冷却速度基本一致,纵向残余拉应力最大值由780 MPa降低到560 MPa,减小幅度达到28%.     

Quantitative Visualization of the Interaction between Complement Component C1 and Immunoglobulin G: The Effect of CH1 Domain Deletion

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) adopts a modular multidomain structure that mediates antigen recognition and effector functions, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity. IgG molecules are self-assembled into a hexameric ring on antigen-containing membranes, recruiting the complement component C1q. In order to provide deeper insights into the initial step of the complement pathway, we report a high-speed atomic force microscopy study for the quantitative visualization of the interaction between mouse IgG and the C1 complex composed of C1q, C1r, and C1s. The results showed that the C1q in the C1 complex is restricted regarding internal motion, and that it has a stronger binding affinity for on-membrane IgG2b assemblages than C1q alone, presumably because of the lower conformational entropy loss upon binding. Furthermore, we visualized a 1:1 stoichiometric interaction between C1/C1q and an IgG2a variant that lacks the entire C_H1 domain in the absence of an antigen. In addition to the canonical C1q-binding site on Fc, their interactions are mediated through a secondary site on the C_L domain that is cryptic in the presence of the C_H1 domain. Our findings offer clues for novel-modality therapeutic antibodies.