菟丝子中总黄酮的闪式提取工艺及近红外透射光谱含量分析方法

利用闪式提取器对菟丝子中的总黄酮进行组织破碎提取,确定菟丝子中总黄酮闪式提取的最佳提取工艺为:料液比1∶8(mg∶mL),以50%的乙醇为溶剂提取8min。采用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法(PLS)回归分析法建立了菟丝子提取液中总黄酮含量近红外透射光谱定量分析模型,该模型校正集的相关系数为0.99985,校正集标准偏差(RMSEC)为0.0685,预测集标准偏差(RMSEP)为0.160,交叉验证结果的相关系数为0.99966,交叉验证标准差(RMSECV)为0.102。利用该模型预测和紫外分光光度法测量的总黄酮含量相差很小,且模型具有良好的稳定性。     

Content and Color Stability of Anthocyanins Isolated from Schisandra chinensis Fruit

In this work, a multivariate study based on Box-Behnken Design was used to evaluate the influence of three major variables affecting the performance of the extraction process of Schisandra chinensis anthocyanins. The optimum parameters were 5.5 h extraction time; 1:19 solid-liquid ratio and 260 r/min stirring rate, respectively. The extraction yield of anthocyanins was 29.06 mg/g under the optimum conditions. Moreover, many factors on the impact of heating, ultrasound, microwave treatment and ultraviolet irradiation on content and color stability of anthocyanins from Schisandra chinensis fruit were investigated. The results show that thermal degradation reaction of anthocyanins complies with the first order reaction kinetics, and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.9950 at 40–80 °C. Ultrasound and microwave treatment has little effect on the stability of anthocyanins, and the extraction time of ultrasound and microwave should be no more than 60 min and 5 min, respectively. The anthocyanins degradation effect of UVC ultraviolet radiation is greater than UVA and UVB; after 9 h ultraviolet radiation, the anthocyanins content degradation of UVC is 23.9 ± 0.7%, and the ΔE* was changed from 62.81 to 76.52 ± 2.3. Through LC-MS analysis, the major composition of Schisandra chinensis anthocyanins was cyanidin-3-O-xylosylrutinoside.     

HPLC法分析南方红豆杉植株中紫杉醇的分布规律

采用高效液相色谱法对野生和人工栽培南方红豆杉约20年生植株各器官、组织中紫杉醇含量进行检测分析后发现,紫杉醇在南方红豆杉植株中具有极显著向下、向根际积累分布的规律。野生和载培红豆杉,在器官水平,从上部枝叶到根部须根,紫杉醇的积累分别为 0.007 61 %~0.100 54 %和 0.015 25 %~0.061 75 %(干重,质量分数,下同);在组织水平,从形态学上部到根部,木质组织中紫杉醇积累分别为 0.010 95%~0.044 76 %和0~0.017 58 %,周皮组织中紫杉醇的积累量也具有从形态学上部到下部增高的规律,在主枝皮中的含量分别为 0.013 32 %和 0.006 77 %,在根皮中的含量分别为 0.086 33 %和 0.059 74 %。野生南方红豆杉中紫杉醇产量比人工栽培的要高。分析过程中紫杉醇在21~105 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,r²为0.999,平均加标回收率为85.78%,相对标准偏差为1.03%。     

A review of the desert gold jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) whole plant,oil, and meal: Phytochemical composition,medicinal uses,and detoxification

Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneider (Jojoba) is a valuable shrub that can bear harsh conditions and is cultivated in many countries globally. Its prominence originates from the unique oil that constitutes more than 50% of the seeds. The great economic value of jojoba oil is highlighted in many fields, especially the cosmetic industry. The remaining meal, which is rich in proteins, constitutes a good source for cattle feeding. However, the presence of antinutritional principles in the meal limited its use and encouraged the researchers to find different ways for its detoxification. The detoxification ways of jojoba meal included physical, biological, and chemical treatments. The phytochemical composition of the oil was deeply studied, but for the remaining plant, only few studies have reported its chemical composition. Jojoba oil composed of wax esters (97%), fatty acids, fatty alcohols, sterols, and small percentage of vitamin E. Jojoba possesses a long traditional history. It has been used in folklore for treatment of cold, dysuria, and obesity. Many recent studies reported its medicinal and pharmacological properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-acne, anti-psoriasis, wound healing, and hepatoprotective activities. Many of these biological activities have been attributed to the presence of several phytochemicals such as simmondsin and phenolic compounds. In this review, the authors will highlight the previous phytochemical studies, medicinal applications of jojoba oil and different plant parts, and the various ways of meal detoxification.     

外源紫杉醇作用下南方红豆杉细胞凋亡及其动力学研究

利用光学显微照相技术、细胞总DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳和TUNEL标记等手段 ,研究了外源紫杉醇(Taxol)作用下南方红豆杉细胞的凋亡及其动力学。研究结果表明 ,外源紫杉醇能显著提高南方红豆杉细胞凋亡的速率和发生率 ,表明高浓度紫杉醇不利于细胞的生长。凋亡动力学研究对指导大规模植物细胞培养生产紫杉醇具有重要意义     

中华猕猴桃种子提取不饱和脂肪酸的研究

用中华猕猴桃种子提取不饱和脂肪酸 ,宜用石油醚作萃取剂 ,经过萃取、脱蜡、浓缩、精制后 ,其得率约为种子质量的 2 8% ,经分析 ,其亚麻酸与亚油酸含量占总脂肪酸含量的 89.4 %。     

用均匀设计和回归分析法优化黄连提取工艺

运用均匀设计和回归分析方法优化中草药黄连的提取工艺。以提取物中药根碱、巴马亭和小檗碱的含量为考察指标,对影响黄连提取工艺的因素进行分析。经优化筛选得到最佳提取工艺,其药根碱、巴马亭和小檗碱的收率分别为10.52、23.58、68.17mgg-1药粉,优于文献报道,可以用于黄连的工业提取过程。研究结果表明,均匀设计和回归分析方法尤其适合应用于多因素、多水平地筛选中药提取过程参数。     

ICP-OES法快速测定白头翁中21种矿物元素

采用微波消解结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对白头翁中21种元素含量进行了测定。所采用方法线性关系良好,r≥0.999 0,各元素检出限均低于0.003 6 mg/L,加标回收率为88%~105%,RSD均小于3.6%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明,白头翁中矿物元素含量丰富、重金属元素含量低于国家最低标准,符合安全用药标准。试验方法简单、快速、可靠、灵敏度高,可同时测定多种元素,满足样品分析要求。该研究结果可为开发利用白头翁药用资源提供基础资料。     

Wax esters and triglycerides as storage substances in seeds of Buxus sempervirens

The seeds of the evergreen Buxus‐tree, Buxus sempervirens, contain a yellowish oil which represents up to 42% of the dry weight. The oil consists, in comparison to the lipids of jojoba fruits (Simmondsia chinensis), of only 3.6% wax esters. 95% of the oil consist of triglycerides, the typical storage substances of oil fruits. Phospholipids occur with 0.4% and glycolipids with 0.13%. The fatty acid patterns of these lipids correspond to the typical fatty acid compositions of the respective lipid classes. In the wax esters monoenoic fatty acids and saturated fatty acids with 16 and 18 carbon atoms prevail. The glycolipid and phospholipid fractions are characterized by a high portion of dienoic and monoenoic as well as saturated fatty acids having 16 and 18 carbon acids.     

超声法提取紫荆花红色素的工艺研究

应用超声法提取了紫荆花红色素.用正交实验优化了超声提取的工艺条件.结果表明,各因素对提取率的影响大小依次为:料液比>超声功率≈提取剂体积分数>提取时间;对2.000 g紫荆干花提取2次,最佳提取条件为:提取剂为85%乙醇,料液比1∶20(g∶mL),提取时间15 min,超声功率70 W.超声技术省时、高效、节能,适用紫荆花天然色素的提取.