提高老采区资源回采率的若干途径

云应盐矿区通过新旧盐井更替、改造井身结构、完善分采工艺等技术措施，提高了老采区的资源回收率，实现了对老采区的挖潜改造。     

North sea oil: Responses to employment opportunities

Britain's new offshore oil industry might have generated much additional employment especially in the building, manning and supply of rigs. But there was a failure at first to take proper advantage; little was done to train people in new skills. Consequently the oil companies brought in equipment and skilled personnel from abroad. Eventually efforts were made to improve matters and the paper examines the steps taken to bring more of the employment benefits to Britain, but finds only partial success.     

Solar ponds in alkaline lake and oil well regions

Solar ponds are probably the simplest technology available for the useful conversion of solar energy. The basic technology is proven. Solar ponds have been shown to be technically feasible and economically viable for many applications, particularly for thermal use. The electrical conversion and use of solar energy via solar ponds is still questionable, in general, for economic viability. By putting the untapped sources together in the South Plains region, it looks promising economically both for thermal and electrical conversions and applications. There are a number of alkaline lake basins randomly scattered in the South Plains region of the U.S.A. In that area, there are thousands of crude oil producing wells that produce brine in abundance. The selection of suitable alkaline lake basins as a solar pond site and as depository sites of brine from oil wells and the using of this brine and salty water from alkaline lakes makes the solar pond economically viable for both thermal and electrical demands in the area.     

中国南海北部二氧化碳气成因

中国南海北部海域在油气勘探中发现了CO_2气,对油气有无影响?在借鉴世界、中国东部陆地CO_2气成因研究成果的基础上,从分析研究区CO_2,气的分布入手,采用多种方法,在综合分析基础上,对本区CO_2气藏进行分类.认为研究区CO_2;气藏为无机成因,其特征受各盆地或地区具体地质条件的控制.哈萨克斯坦引起了国际石油界的很大关注,但它并不是前苏联唯一的具吸引力之地.美国地质调查调查所(丹佛)和AAPG今年著名讲演者Gregory F Ulmishek说.前苏联有20多个沉积盆地生产油气或具有尚未开采的发现.Ulmishek 1980年到美国前,获得过莫斯科石油学院地质学硕士学位,作为一个地质学家在前苏联工作过23年.他的1993—1994年题为“前苏联主要油气地质学及勘探潜力”的著名演讲在1993年12月6日至17日和1994年3月28日至4月8日的巡回活动中推出.     

Aplysia sea hare assimilation of secondary metabolites from brown seaweed,Stypopodium zonale

JuvenileAplysia dactylomela were found feeding in abundance on the tropical brown algaStypopodium zonale, a seaweed previously shown to contain numerous unique terpene-quinone natural products. Lipid extracts of these herbivorous mollusks were shown by TLC and HPLC-NMR analyses to contain appreciable quantities of twoS. zonale metabolites as well as one new but closely related compound. Spectroscopic analyses of the new compound in concert with functional group modifications identified this new compound as 3-keto epitaondiol. A careful analysis of the seaweed extract failed to locate this ketone, and thus, it most likely represents anAplysia-biotransformed compound. This is the first clear reported observation of metabolite transfer between an alga of the phylum Phaeophyta and a sea hare.     

Thermoelectric hydrogen sensor using Li x Ni1-x O synthesized by molten salt method

Li-doped NiO was synthesized by molten salt method. LiN_O3-LiOH flux was used as a source for Li doping. NiCl₂ was added to the molten Li flux and then processed to make the Li-doped NiO material. Li:Ni ratios were maintained from 5: 1 to 30: 1 during the synthetic procedure and the chemical compositions after characterization were found from Li_0.08Ni_0.92O to Li_0.16Ni_0.84O. Li doping did not change the basic cubic structural characteristics of NiO as evidenced by XRD studies; however, the lattice parameter decreased from 0.41769 nm in pure NiO to 0.41271 nm in Li_0.16Ni_0.84O. Hydrogen gas sensors were fabricated by using these materials as thick films on alumina substrates. The half surface of each sensor was coated with the Pt catalyst. The sensor, when exposed to the hydrogen gas blended in air, heated up the catalytic surface leaving the rest half surface (without catalyst) cold. The thermoelectric voltage thus built up along the hot and cold surface of the Li-doped NiO made the basis for detecting hydrogen gas. The linearity of the voltage signal vs H₂ concentration was checked up to 4% of H₂ in air (as higher concentrations above 4.65% are explosive in air) using Li_0.10Ni_0.90O as the sensor material. The response time T₉₀ and the recovery time RT90 were less than 25 sec. H₂ concentration from 0.5% to 4% showed a good linearity against voltage. There was minimum interference of other gases and hence H₂ gas can easily be detected.     

Study of the Catalytic Ozonation of Humic Substances in Water and Their Ozonation Byproducts

It is shown that using transition metals, especially Mn(II) and Ag(I), during ozonation of humic substances in water allows important reductions in the content of organic matter. Characterization of the organic compounds resulting from ozonation was made by concentrating the sample through liquid-liquid extraction or derivation with PFBOA.HCl, along with the GC/MS and GC/ECD techniques. In total, 110 different organic compounds were identified using GC/MS; mainly carboxylic acids, aromatics, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and furan-carboxylic acids. The percentages of elimination or formation levels reached during ozonation are discussed.     

An economic–ecological model to evaluate impacts of nutrient abatement in the Baltic Sea

This paper presents a coupled economic–ecological model that integrates a catchment model with a marine model and incorporates economic data to analyse the long-term economic and ecological consequences of nutrient abatement in the Baltic Sea. The spatially explicit model describes dynamics of soil phosphorus in arable land, developments of nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass in the sea basins, and inter-annual variation in nutrient loads and biophysical processes. The performance of the model is demonstrated by computing the least-cost solution to reach the good environmental state of the sea – as implied by the Baltic Sea Action Plan – within a time span of 40 years. The total cost of achieving this target is 1487 M€ annually. Spatially optimal allocation of load reductions differs from the load reduction targets of the Baltic Sea Action Plan, and focuses more on the control of phosphorus loads.     

Composition and seasonal variation of fatty acids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diplodus vulgaris</Emphasis> L. from the Adriatic Sea

Muscle tissue from the common two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris L. originating from the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, was analyzed. The FA composition of neutral (TAG) and polar (PE, PC, PI/PS) lipid classes was determined, as well as the lipid and water contents during winter and summer periods. Both the total lipid and water contents were higher in the winter period. We identified 16 different FA. The major constituents of the total FA in both seasons were saturates: palmitic (16∶0) and stearic acids (18∶0); monoenes: oleic (18∶1n−9) and palmitoleic acids (16∶1n−7); and polyunsaturates: arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6), EPA (20∶5n−3), and DHA (22∶6n−3), but their amounts and ratios differed significantly between the two seasons and between lipid fractions. The FA composition showed a noticeable pattern of seasonality that reflected fluctuations mainly in TAG. The diminution of the monounsaturated FA content in the summer was clearly followed by an increase in PUFA content. Diplodus vulgaris is a good source of natural n−3 PUFA and would therefore be suitable for inclusion in highly unsaturated low-fat diets.