淮盐文化线路的判别与梳理

横跨古淮河尾闾南北、南至长江口、北到赣榆县的两淮海盐产区,是我国历史上最为悠久的海盐产区之一,在相当长一段时期内也是我国产量最高、规模最大的盐区,所以才有"天下盐利淮为大"的说法。从文化线路的视角,分别对文化线路应具备的时间指标、空间指标和文化功能指标这三个要素进行分析,阐述淮盐文化遗产满足文化线路遗产判别的基本要求,其具备较高的资源价值、遗产价值和旅游价值。     

油井水泥降失水剂AS的合成与性能评价

采用自由基聚合法,以2-丙烯酰胺基-2- 甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成共聚物,再与木质素磺酸钠复配,合成了降失水剂 AS.通过正交试验优选合成条件,并对降失水剂AS进行了全面的性能评价.评价结果表明:降失水剂AS具有较好的耐热性和耐盐性,在150℃下,降失水剂AS在饱和盐水中的API滤失量(API...     

金刚石与钢体的盐浴焊

用氯基盐浴作为加热方法，实现了金刚石表面金属钛的渗覆以及金刚石与２０Ｎｉ４Ｍｏ钢的焊接。试验中采用了Ｎｉ基合金作为中间过渡层金属。试验结果表明：盐浴加热既可有效地避免金刚石在高温下的石墨化，又不影响金刚石的性能；利用金属Ｔｉ和Ｎｉ形成低溶点共晶，来实现金刚石与钢体的接触熔化焊，大大降低了加热温度，为金刚石工具的焊接技术开辟了一条有效途径。金刚石与钢盐浴焊具有加工成本低、操作简便、连接强度高的优点。     

用气液色谱研究1,3—丙二醇体系的盐效应

用色谱法了不同温度下，低碳醇，水在含盐（乙酸钾、硫氰酸钾、硫氰酸钠）１，３－丙二醇中无限稀释活度系数，醇、水的相对挥发度及含盐溶剂的选择度。     

Composition and seasonal variation of fatty acids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diplodus vulgaris</Emphasis> L. from the Adriatic Sea

Muscle tissue from the common two-banded sea bream Diplodus vulgaris L. originating from the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, was analyzed. The FA composition of neutral (TAG) and polar (PE, PC, PI/PS) lipid classes was determined, as well as the lipid and water contents during winter and summer periods. Both the total lipid and water contents were higher in the winter period. We identified 16 different FA. The major constituents of the total FA in both seasons were saturates: palmitic (16∶0) and stearic acids (18∶0); monoenes: oleic (18∶1n−9) and palmitoleic acids (16∶1n−7); and polyunsaturates: arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6), EPA (20∶5n−3), and DHA (22∶6n−3), but their amounts and ratios differed significantly between the two seasons and between lipid fractions. The FA composition showed a noticeable pattern of seasonality that reflected fluctuations mainly in TAG. The diminution of the monounsaturated FA content in the summer was clearly followed by an increase in PUFA content. Diplodus vulgaris is a good source of natural n−3 PUFA and would therefore be suitable for inclusion in highly unsaturated low-fat diets.     

Influence of dyes, salts and auxiliary chemicals on the nanofiltration of reactive dye baths: experimental observations and model verification

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dyes, salts and auxiliary chemicals in reactive dye baths on the separation performance of nanofiltration membranes. A reactive dye bath was simulated for this purpose with auxiliary chemicals. A DS5-type nanofiltration membrane was used in the experimental runs. Performance of the nanofiltration membrane was evaluated by measuring permeate flux, salt and color rejections in five steps. Reactive black 5, reactive orange 16, NaCl, NaOH, Na₂SO₄, acidic acid, mollan and slipper were used to prepare synthetic dye baths. Pressures in the range of 8 to 24 bars were applied, and flow velocity was kept constant at 0.74 m/s. NaCl rejection of 20% and color rejection of more than 95% were achieved throughout the experiments. Permeate quality was satisfactory enough to recycle these effluents in reactive dyeing. Acidification ofthe original synthetic dye bath solution with HCl and H₂S0₄ decreased the membrane fouling and also increased the NaCl recovery and color rejection. Besides, using HCI instead of H₂SO₄ increased these positive effects. The effects of auxiliary chemicals were determined by using salt rejection model parameters of α and k_D in the presence of an organic ion. There was a correlation among the results of experiments and the model. The model parameters (α and k_D were also calculated for all steps.     

Criteria and methodology for the evaluation of conservation interventions on treated porous stone susceptible to salt decay

Susceptibility of stone to salt decay is directly related to its microstructural and mechanical characteristics. In the present work, a porous stone from a quarry in Cyprus was examined. Samples of this stone were consolidated and protected with certain conservation materials. The modification of microstructural characteristics of the stone was evaluated by mercury intrusion porosimetry, while its mechanical characteristics were measured by compressive and bending strength tests. From these data, the susceptibility of Cyprus stone to salt (NaCl) decay was estimated. The values of crystallization pressure of NaCl were calculated and compared to the experimentally measured compressive and tensile strength of the stone, in order to examine the probability of stone disruption due to salt crystallization. The development of the phenomenon after coarse pores’ filling with crystals, i.e. crystallization of salts in capillaries or mechanical failure of the stone, was determined by thermodynamic analysis. Additionally, artificial weathering tests of marine salt spray were performed for the evaluation of stone’s durability after the conservation. The treated stone proved to be resistant to salt decay, as it presented ameliorated microstructural and mechanical characteristics, concerning decay due to soluble salt crystallization. The most possible thermodynamic scenario was small pores repletion with crystals, avoiding mechanical failure of the stone.     

Design and Performance of a Laboratory Spray Dryer to Realize Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles

This work discusses the design, development, and performance of an indigenous laboratory spray dryer with a relatively slow drying rate. The drying time of droplets of colloidal silica (5 wt%) and sodium chloride solution (20 wt%) in this spray dryer was nearly 10 s. The present system was composed of a four-jet compressed air nebulizer that generates a droplet size of 2–5 µm with a nebulization rate of nearly 60 mL/h. The generated powder can be collected using a cyclone or a wire mesh collector. Design and characterization of this system as well as characterization of the micrometric self-assembled powder grains obtained by this spray dryer are discussed.     

Effects of Drying and Extraction Methods on the Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Berries and Leaves

Sea buckthorn is a promising source of bioactive compounds. However, there is limited information on the effect of post harvest drying and extraction of sea buckthorn on its antioxidant capacity. The effect of freeze, air, and solar dryingon the extraction yield of sea buckthorn berries and leaves was evaluated with respect to their bioactive content. Sequential extraction with solvents of different polarity and solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction were applied. Freeze-drying has better performance in the berries’ extracts, while air-drying has better performance in the leaves’ extracts. All data were analyzed by Multi Factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post-hoc tests at a level of α = .05. Although the extraction yield in the sequential extraction of sea buckthorn berries is significantly better, the leaves’ extracts exhibit superior radical scavenging ability. Accelerated solar drying appears to preserve sea buckthorn leaves without degrading their antioxidant content. The components responsible for the high antioxidant activity of leaves’ extracts were found to be several flavonoids and polyphenols. The extract obtained by the microwave extraction of fresh berries exhibits moderate antioxidant activity compared to the polar extracts of freeze-dried berries.