复合二氧化钛膜的研制

用溶胶 -凝胶法在多孔α -Al2 O3陶瓷衬底上制备了TiO2 微孔膜 ,经激光光散射仪、X -射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、孔率计等对胶粒的大小、膜的结构、形貌和孔径分布等进行了表征 ,发现在孔直径为 0 .5μm的多孔载体上经浸渍 -干燥 -焙烧过程 ,能制得对牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)有 73.5%～ 92 .7%截留率、通量在 0 .2MPa压差下约 52L/(m2 ·h)的超滤膜 .     

Length of Dialysis Session Is More Important Than Large Kt/V in Hemodialysis

Long, slow hemodialysis (3 × 8 hours/week) has been used without significant modification in Tassin, France, for 30 years with excellent morbidity and mortality rates. A long dialysis session easily provides high Kt/V_urea and allows for good control of nutrition and correction of anemia with a limited need for erythropoietin (EPO). Control of serum phosphate and potassium is usually achieved with low-dose medication. The good survival achieved by long hemodialysis sessions is essentially due to lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than in short dialysis sessions. This, in turn, is mainly explained by good blood pressure (BP) control without the need for antihypertensive medication. Normotension in this setting is due to the gentle but powerful ultrafiltration provided by the long sessions, associated with a low salt diet and moderate interdialytic weight gains. These allow for adequate control of extracellular volume (dry weight) in most patients without important intradialytic morbidity. Therefore, increasing the length of the dialysis session seems to be the best way of achieving satisfactory long-term clinical results.     

Macro- and Nanoscale Effect of Ethanol on Bovine Serum Albumin Gelation and Naproxen Release

We report extended ethanol-induced gelation procedures of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 37 °C and investigate the release behavior of a spin-labeled naproxen derivative (SL-NPX) from these hydrogels. The macroscopic mechanical properties of these gels during formation were studied using rheology, while a nanoscopic, more molecular view was obtained by analyzing the secondary structure of the protein during gelation via infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. To evaluate the potential use of BSA hydrogels in controlled drug delivery, SL-NPX-BSA interaction was investigated in detail by continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW EPR) spectroscopy, which provides information on the interaction of the small drug molecules and the hydrogel. In addition to CW EPR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), which provides insight into the size and nature of released components, was applied to characterize the combined influence of incubation time, ethanol, SL-drug, and BSA concentration on release behavior. It was found that the alteration of initial drug loading percentage, hydrogel incubation time as well as BSA and alcohol concentrations affect and thus tune the release rate of SL-NPX from BSA hydrogels. These results lead to the conclusion that BSA hydrogels as controlled release systems offer a remarkable fine-tuning capability for pharmaceutical applications due to the variety of gelation parameters.     

In Vitro Reactivity of the Glucose Degradation Product 3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) towards Abundant Components of the Human Blood Circulatory System

3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) is a glucose degradation product present in processed foods and medicinal products. Additionally, its constant formation from 3-deoxyglucosone in plasma has been suggested. Due to its α,β-unsaturated dicarbonyl moiety, 3,4-DGE is highly reactive and has shown harmful effects in vitro. Here, we investigated the impact of major components of the human blood circulatory system on 3,4-DGE in vitro. Under physiological conditions, plasma concentrations of human serum albumin (HSA) reacted efficiently with 3,4-DGE, resulting in only 8.5% of the initial 3,4-DGE concentration after seven hours (vs. 83.4% without HSA, p < 0.001). Thereby, accessible thiol groups were reduced from 0.121 to 0.064 mol/mol HSA, whereas ketoprofen binding and esterase-like activity of HSA were not affected. Plasma concentrations of glutathione (GSH) reacted immediately and completely with 3,4-DGE, leading to two stereoisomeric adducts. Plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound to 3,4-DGE to a lower extent, resulting in 62.6% 3,4-DGE after seven hours (vs. 82.2% in the control, p < 0.01). Immobilized human collagen type IV did not alter 3,4-DGE concentrations. The results indicated that particularly HSA, GSH, and IgG readily scavenge 3,4-DGE after its appearance in the blood stream, which may be associated with a reduced antioxidative and cytoprotective activity for the living cells and, thus, the human organism by blocking free thiol groups.     

Albumin Binds Doxorubicin via Self–Assembling Dyes as Specific Polymolecular Ligands

Congo red (CR) type self–assembled ribbon–like structures (SRLS) were previously shown to interact with some proteins, including albumin. SRLS also complex with some drugs with a flat, ring–shaped structure with aromatic characteristics, intercalating them into their ribbon structure. The combination of interaction with proteins and drug binding by SRLS enables the use of such systems for immunotargeting. It is especially interesting in the case of chemotherapeutic agents. The present experiments aimed to show that the model carrier system composed of supramolecular albumin and Congo red efficiently binds doxorubicin (Dox) and that the drug can be released at reduced pH. The presented results come from the studies on such complexes differing in the molar ratio of CR to Dox. The following methods were used for the analysis: electrophoresis, dialysis, gel filtration, spectral analysis, and analysis of the size of the hydrodynamic radius using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The applied methods confirmed the formation of the CR–Dox complex, with large dimensions and changed properties compared with free CR. The presented results show that albumin binds both CR and its complex with Dox. Various CR–Dox molar ratios, 5:1, 2:1, and 1:1, were analyzed. The confirmation of the possibility of releasing the drug from the carriers thus formed was also obtained. The presented research is important due to the search for optimal solutions for the use of SRLS in drug immunotargeting, with particular emphasis on chemotherapeutic agents.     

牛血清蛋白在亲水硅片表面吸附的原子力显微成像

本文用原子力显微术（AFM）研究了牛血清白蛋白（BSA）在亲水硅片表面的吸附，硅片表面经亲水处理后，将牛血清蛋白（BSA）吸附在表面，采用轻敲模式，可获得清晰的AFM图像，牛血清蛋白（BSA）的AFM图像表明：BSA在亲水硅片表面是单分子，水平吸附在硅片表面，且吸颗粒状；1mg/ml的BSA在吸附30min后为饱和吸附。BSA到达硅表面后，蛋白中可移动的带正电荷的基团可以趋向亲水表面，使BSA与硅表面的静电相互作用由斥力变为吸引力，BSA可以稳定地吸附在亲水硅片表面。     

利用红外光谱和渐进因子分析研究牛血清白蛋白的热动力学过程

利用红外光谱和渐进因子分析(Evolving factor analysis,EFA)对水溶液中牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albu-min,BSA)的热动力学过程进行了研究.三因子EFA的结果表明加热导致了牛血清白蛋白的结构变化经历了轻微变化和剧烈变化两个阶段,它们分别发生在温度区间56~76℃和68~82℃.研究显示了渐进因子分析在解析水溶液中蛋白质温度相关红外光谱中的重大作用.     

Thermal unfolding of β‐lactoglobulin, α‐lactalbumin,and bovine serum albumin. A thermodynamic approach

Heat‐treatment is one of the most commonly used processes in food preparation technology. An understanding of the thermodynamics of protein stability and of conformational changes of proteins, acquired through the measurement of the denaturation temperature, is therefore of particular importance. This paper attempts to shed light on the interpretation of recent calorimetric data on the thennal denaturation of bovine β‐lactoglobulin, α‐lactalbumin, and bovine serum albumin by showing that thermodynamic parameters of heat‐induced unfolding, measured by differential scanning calonmetry, are closely related to the prevailing chemical conditions such as pH, concentration of ions, protein purity, and protein concentration.     

临床血清循环miRNAs定量技术的建立

目的建立可靠的临床血清(浆)循环miRNAs定量技术。方法常规收集血清(浆)标本,mirVana PARIS试剂盒法抽提血清(浆)总RNA,采用DNaseI消化总RNA提取液,以miRNAs特异性茎-环引物引导反转录,通过TaqMan实时荧光定量PCR对U6及靶miRNAs进行检测。结果10份新鲜血浆总RNA浓度介于3.5～35.4ng/μl之间。对常规收集的400μl临床血清标本中U6、miR-16、miR-224均能实现特异扩增及定量,相应的平均Ct值约为30、25及32。6份不同留置时间血清标本总RNA浓度分别10.24和4.46ng/μl,定量PCR结果显示其中相应miR-16和miR-224的丰度却相对稳定。结论血清(浆)总RNA抽提及循环miRNAs定量切实可行。     

光谱法研究甲啶铂与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

甲啶铂(picoplatin)是一种新型的抗癌药物,但其在体内的作用机制尚不明确.利用荧光光谱技术研究模拟人生理条件(Tris-HCl缓冲溶液体系,pH7.4)下甲啶铂与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用,甲啶铂对BSA的内源荧光(336 nm)有猝灭作用.在室温296 K和模拟人体温度310 K条件下,甲啶铂对BSA的...