梅花形十字板加糙的原理及实践

：梅花形十字板加糙具有形体小、阻力大、进入阻力平方区雷诺数小、适应水流方向变化等优点,完美地解决了大变态非恒定流河工模型的加糙问题,其在淮河防洪模型中的应用取得了满意的成果。     

Controlled and modified atmospheres influence chilling injury,fruit quality and antioxidative system of Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindell)

Our objective was to compare the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on fruit quality, chilling injury (CI) and pro‐ and antioxidative systems in ‘Blackamber’ Japanese plums. Matured fruit were stored for 5 and 8 weeks at 0–1 °C in normal air, CA‐1 (1% O₂ + 3% CO₂), CA‐2 (2.5% O₂ + 3% CO₂) and MAP (~10% O₂ and 3.8% CO₂). CA was more effective than MAP in retention of flesh firmness and titratable acidity during cold storage. Fruit stored in CA‐1 showed reduced CI and membrane lipid peroxidation after 5 and 8 weeks of cold storage. Low O₂ atmospheres appeared to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their efficient scavenging through the concerted action of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. The role of ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle in the regulation of oxidative stress was also studied during and after storage in different atmospheres. In conclusion, optimum CA conditions delayed fruit ripening and CI through augmentation of antioxidative metabolism and suppression of oxidative processes.     

长江中下游地区梅雨季节的室内热湿环境

经过调研得到长江中下游地区（以南京为例）梅雨季节住宅建筑室内热湿状况,并分析3种不同建筑能耗计算模型（整体建筑热湿空气流动耦合模型HAM,传递函数模型CTF,有效湿渗透深度模型EMPD）的准确性。数值模型基于Matlab-Simulink编写,使用调研数据进行验证,进而使用梅雨季节典型气象参数模拟分析。调研结果显示在2013年梅雨季节,多数时间内建筑室内温度高于28℃,相对湿度高于70%。数值模拟结果显示3种能耗模型对室内温度模拟的差异较小,而对室内湿度的模拟存在较大差异,特别是CTF模型误差最大。结果显示在长江中下游地区梅雨季节,当房间换气次数小于2 ACH时,围护结构对于室内环境湿缓冲的作用明显,选择合适的吸放湿材料可有效降低建筑能耗30%以上。     

金属封闭高压开关柜触头发热机理分析及预防过热故障措施探讨

金属封闭高压开关柜触头接触不良发热,会导致过热,甚至会发展成为电网事故。笔者从金属封闭开关柜触头发热的机理进行探讨,并提出在制造过程把好监造关、安装过程中采用质量控制工卡等管理措施,确保高压开关柜的制造、安装质量;在运行中采用加装开关柜在线测温装置、快速弧光保护装置等技术措施,提高高压开关柜的运行可靠性,从而确保电网的安全稳定运行。     

彩南油和东疆0#油的混油理论分析与工艺计算

介绍了原油管道顺序输送时产生混油的原理。详细叙述了顺序输送过程中计算混油量的方法,在理论计算公式的基础上针对实际三化线输油管道进行混油段工艺计算,并分析计算结果,最后提出了关于彩南油和东疆0#原油在三化线顺序输送过程中关于混油分析的几点建议。     

酒酒球菌在青梅汁中的生长及苹果酸乳酸发酵特性的研究

以青梅汁为原料,利用酒酒球菌的苹果酸-乳酸发酵（MLF）对青梅汁进行生物降酸的研究。结果表明:接种量为2.0×108CFU/mL,青梅汁的pH≥3.4时,MLF能正常进行,并使样品的酸度降低61.35%以上;接种量为2.6×107CFU/mL时,青梅汁的pH为3.6才能触发MLF,样品的酸度降低了77.60%;接种量为2.3×108CFU/mL,在pH3.6和4.0的青梅汁中,添加1.0g/100g的葡萄糖的样品,与不添加葡萄糖的样品相比,其酸度分别降低了27.04%和34.63%;在柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲体系中,酒酒球菌使体系酸度降低了26.40%,证实酒酒球菌可利用柠檬酸作为碳源,进行MLF。      

四川乐山几个李子品种的品质特征研究

为了解不同品种李子的品质特性,本文选取12个品种李子作为研究对象,分别从外观、理化及糖酸组成等方面对果实品质进行了对比分析,同时采用主成分分析和聚类分析对李子品质性状进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种李子外观、理化和糖酸组成等指标均表现出丰富的多样性。糖酸组成、色泽、单果重、果实密度和果形指数等是评价李子综合品质的关键性指标。12个品种中‘紫皇’（ZH）‘圣雪珀’（SXP）‘爱丽丝’（ALS）‘香李’（XL）‘香甜李’（XTL）5个品种综合评分为正值,品质较好。其中,ZH和SXP品质特征为出汁率、可溶性固形物、总糖含量及色泽品质高;ALS品质特征为总糖、总甜度、甜酸比和糖酸比最高;XL和XTL品质特征为可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比、甜酸比高,但出汁率低。该研究结果可作为不同用途李子品种筛选的重要参考依据。

     

复合澄清剂对李子酒澄清效果的研究

为提高发酵李子酒的澄清效果,以新鲜李子为原料酿制成李子酒,以明胶、皂土为澄清剂,分别进行单一澄清处理和复合澄清处理,对原酒及处理后酒样的透光率、可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、总酚、蛋白质及稳定性进行检测。结果表明,18 ℃避光密封静置4 d条件下,当明胶0.4 g/L和皂土0.02 g/L复合澄清处理时,李子酒的澄清效果最好,测得透光率为90.7%;可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、总酚、蛋白质含量分别为4.8%、24.3 g/L、9.38 g/L、492.9 mg/L、411.4 μg/mL,营养成分损失较少,而且其酒体稳定清亮,无沉淀产生。     

清咽润喉双华李凉果的研制及功效评价

本文以双华李果胚为原料,采用响应面优化四种中草药（金银花、甘草、胖大海、薄荷）提取浓缩液的复配比,结合凉果传统加工工艺研发一种具有清咽润喉功效的双华李凉果,以脂多糖（LPS）诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞为模型,通过对炎症因子（TNF-α、IL-lβ、IL-6、PGE₂、NO）分泌的影响评价其清咽润喉效果。结果表明,四种中草药提取浓缩液的最佳复配浓度分别为:金银花56 mg/m L、甘草59 mg/m L、胖大海61 mg/m L、薄荷105 mg/m L。在炎症反应中,一定浓度的样品均能使炎症因子TNF-α、IL-lβ、IL-6、NO的分泌显著降低（p<0.05）,而对PGE₂的分泌没有显著性影响（p>0.05）;当浓度达到为50 mg/L时的抑制抑制作用最强,对TNF-α、IL-lβ、IL-6、NO的抑制率分别为54.42%、69.14%、38.50%、27.17%,说明研制的双华李凉果能够抑制炎症因子的分泌,具有清咽润喉功效。      

Evaluation of Mass Exchange During Osmotic Dehydration of Plum Using Response Surface Methodology

Water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), weight reduction (WR) and shrinkage were quantitatively investigated during osmotic dehydration of plum using response surface methodology with the sucrose concentration (30–60g/100 g sample), temperature of sucrose solution (40–60°C) and immersion time (60–240 min). Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design with these three factors. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. With respect to water loss, solid gain, weight reduction and shrinkage, both linear and quadratic effects of four variables were found to be significant. In most cases, an increase of sucrose concentration, temperature and immersion time increased WL, SG, WR and shrinkage, except the increasing of immersion time for osmotic treatment has no effect on shrinkage. It was found that immersion time and temperature were the most significant factors affecting the WL during osmotic dehydration of plum followed by concentration of sucrose solution. This was also true for WR. Effect of temperature and time were more pronounced for SG than the concentration of sucrose solution.