Review of the recent developments in cellulose nanocomposite processing

This review addresses the recent developments of the processing of cellulose nanocomposites, focusing on the most used techniques, including solution casting, melt-processing of thermoplastic cellulose nanocomposites and resin impregnation of cellulose nanopapers using thermoset resins. Important techniques, such as partially dissolved cellulose nanocomposites, nanocomposite foams reinforced with nanocellulose, as well as long continuous fibers or filaments, are also addressed. It is shown how the research on cellulose nanocomposites has rapidly increased during the last 10 years, and manufacturing techniques have been developed from simple casting to these more sophisticated methods. To produce cellulose nanocomposites for commercial use, the processing of these materials must be developed from laboratory to industrially viable methods.     

灯具罩旋压机专用数控系统的设计与实现

在灯具罩生产行业至今没有由专用数控系统组成的旋压机床,大部分由通用数控机床改造而成,故数控系统功能浪费、数控旋压机床成本高。因此,采用工控机、伺服驱动器和变频器等硬件设备,设计了灯具罩数控旋压机床的电气控制系统,并根据灯具罩的几何形状和旋压加工工艺,开发了灯具罩旋压轨迹控制模型,在此基础上研制了灯具罩数控旋压机床的专用数控系统。该系统只要将模具参数、加工轨迹外轮廓参数和灯具罩加工参数输入专用数控系统,就可以按照设定算法自动生成加工轨迹图,滚刀按照轨迹图自动进行旋压加工,从而实现加工过程的全自动控制。     

Influence of the Disk Diameter and Baffle Position on the Performance of Generated Colloidal Gas Aphrons

Aphrons are surfactant‐stabilized microbubbles with thick soapy shells. Colloidal gas aphrons (CGA) with an average diameter of 50 μm have some unique properties: a high interfacial area due to their small size, a thick soapy shell and, above all, high stability compared to conventional foams. Various factors that can influence the performance of CGA dispersion, such as the type and concentration of surfactant, mixing time and processing parameters, have already been extensively studied. However, although CGA applications in various fields continue to advance, the influence of the disk diameter and baffle position of the aphron generator on the performance of CGAs has not been well studied. In this experimental work, the influences of the spinning disk diameter and baffle position inside the aphron generator have been investigated. Analyzing the drainage curve of various experimental runs revealed that the disk diameter and baffle position might have a positive impact on the stability of CGA dispersion particularly when the generation time or surfactant concentration is low. The experimental findings have been supported by other techniques such as half‐life time and a new stability index, T_0.1, the time elapsed when the drained liquid from CGA dispersion reaches ten percent of its final height.     

旋转导弹的控制信号分析

首先阐述了旋转导弹的单通道控制机理,指出在实际应用中由于初始条件的变化并不总是能够得到理想的等幅不等宽的脉冲调宽信号,因而传统理论分析得出的线性化信号频率与弹旋频率比并不总是最优的。从相位误差和幅值线性度这两个方面考虑,根据仿真计算结果,得出最优的频率比。     

Characterization of tributyrin hydrolysis by immobilized lipase on woolen cloth using conventional batch and novel spinning cloth disc reactors

Optimal loading and operating conditions for a new, superior immobilization of amano lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on woolen cloth were determined. The optimal enzyme loading was 46.8 mg g dry cloth⁻¹ with activity of 200 U. A batch reactor was used to characterize process conditions important to industrial application of the wool immobilized lipase. The optimal pH for immobilized lipase in tributyrin hydrolysis was 7, slightly lower than that of free lipase (pH 8). The optimal temperature for both free and immobilized lipase was 45 °C. The immobilized lipase was more stable to reuse than some other lipase immobilizations, maintaining 85% of its activity after 6 long term runs and 75.8% of the original activity after storage of 40 weeks at 4 °C. The thermal stability of lipase was improved by 2.4 times after immobilization. The thermal deactivation rate of immobilized lipase followed the Arrhenius law with E_d = 199 kJ mol⁻¹. The Michaelis–Menten constant (K_m) of the lipase increased from 1.63 mM to 4.48 mM after immobilization. The immobilized lipase was also successfully applied for tributyrin hydrolysis in a novel enzyme process intensification technology – the spinning cloth disc reactor (SCDR): conversion increased by around 13% under similar conditions compared to a conventional batch stirred tank reactor. The SCDR is therefore key to exploiting the advantages of the wool immobilized lipase developed in this work.     

Flexible asymmetric spinning

Metal spinning is used to form shell components, but is constrained by two features: it can only produce axisymmetric shapes; it requires a dedicated mandrel for each product. Examination of pressures between product and mandrel revealed that contact is limited to three well defined areas. This suggested that the full mandrel could be replaced by three rollers. Furthermore, if these rollers could be controlled, they could represent any symmetric or asymmetric mandrel. A seven-axis machine has been designed, manufactured, and used to spin trial parts. The machine design is described, and preliminary results give an indicator of process capability.     

碟形容器封头冷旋压过程三维有限元数值分析

依据有限元理论,对冷旋压碟形封头的变形机理进行了分析,应用ANSYS软件对其变形过程进行了数值模拟研究,得出了封头在不同位置成形时应力、应变的分布规律。分析了应力、应变对变形的影响,计算了旋压力,为优化工艺参数提供了有效方法和可靠依据。     

皮带轮旋压机床用嵌入式开放性数控系统的研究

为了增强机床的柔性,缩短安装和调试的时间,使系统能随时根据用户的要求更新设备的软、硬件,将嵌入式开放性数控系统应用于四工位皮带轮旋压机床,并根据旋压机床的特点对嵌入式开放性数控系统的硬件和软件架构进行了重点分析和研究,结果表明:以PC机为核心的NC嵌入PC型硬件架构使得数控系统有较好的开放性、集成性和可靠性,而上下层型软件架构可以对实时性任务和非实时性任务等多个任务进行并行处理,极大地增加了CPU利用率.最后给出了该数控系统的二轴联动插补和位置控制执行程序.     

Potentiality of Indian pineapple leaf fiber for apparels

The use of textile-grade fiber extracted from the Indian pineapple leaf is an unexplored area. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is fine, soft, and moderately strong and is much acceptable for fashion garment. An attempt has been made to extract and soften Indian PALF from the pineapple leaves by decortication and subsequent water retting. Decorticated cum retted fiber has shown better physicomechanical and surface appearance properties than decorticated fiber. Fine yarn (38 tex) was spun in a suitable spinning system, and the property performance was found to be suitable to make eco-sustainable novelty fabric. Fabric was developed by using cotton as warp yarn and PALF-based yarn as weft in a handloom. The developed fabric shows very good physical and mechanical properties, desired for apparels. This inferred that Indian PALF may be successfully used to make eco-niche apparel quality fabric as well as novelty textiles.     

集聚纺车间地沟均匀吸风设计方法探讨

探讨集聚纺车间地沟均匀吸风设计方法。介绍了地沟均匀吸风的设计原理和实现均匀吸风的措施;分析了变风量系统对均匀吸风性能的影响;介绍了变风量均匀吸风系统的设计;计算分析表明:回风沟道应采用变截面分段设计法,吸风口采用条缝型形高速自适应风口,吸风口面积之和与沟道截面积之比不大于0.4,前后吸口的吸风不均匀程度可以控制在15%以内。认为:采用支沟道变截面分段设计能较好地控制吸风的均匀性,可以保证集聚纺车间气流均匀稳定。