含盐次氯酸钠酮连氮法制备水合肼研究

研究了酮连氮法制备水合肼 ,并考察了原料次氯酸钠的质量浓度以及氯化钠的含量对合成的影响。试验结果表明 ,次氯酸钠的质量浓度对合成水合肼影响较大 ,而原料中氯化钠的含量对合成水合肼影响不大 ,但对分离提纯操作工艺有一定影响。     

NaHSO4掺杂聚苯胺催化合成环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮

自制了PAn(聚苯胺)-NaHSO4(硫酸氢钠)催化剂,并对其结构进行了表征。通过以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,探讨了PAn-NaHSO4催化剂对缩酮反应的催化活性。系统地研究了原料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明,PAn-NaHSO4是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(环己酮):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1:1·5、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1%、带水剂环己烷用量为12mL、反应时间1·5h的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达92%。     

新型无机抗菌剂碱式次氯酸镁的研制与应用

本文研究了国内尚属空白的碱式次氯酸镁（BMH）的制备方法，并对BMH的理化性质和杀菌效果进行了初步研究。     

王集磷矿石不加温浮选试验

王集磷矿石采用GD系列捕收剂，在不加温的情况下可以获得与加温到55～60℃时相近的浮选指标。其经济效益和节能十分可观。     

Acid rain effects on the exterior durability of architectural coatings on wood

Acid rain is an important consequence of pollutants generated by modern industrial societies and is known to cause damage to ecological systems, construction materials and cultural artifacts. The assessment of the damage caused to paint films has included laboratory, exposure chamber, and exterior weathering experiments. This study uses visual assessment of paints applied directly to southern yellow pine and exposed at 30° south to either natural acid rain or deionized water spray sites in North Carolina and Ohio to determine damage by acid rain. An acrylic latex paint with a pigment volume concentration (PVC) of 52 and a volume solids (VS) of 35% was formulated with calcium carbonate or sodium potassium alumino-silicate extenders. This high PVC paint formulation is one known to stress the binding capacity of the latex and thus produce early grain cracking failures over bare wood. Major effects observed include severe yellowing and increased mildewing of the carbonate containing paints exposed to acid rain. While acid rain can damage exterior paints, much of the damage can be minimized by careful selection of the polymers and pigments used in the formulation.     

球形零价铁生物炭吸附Cd(II)的性能和机制

本研究提供了一种一步热解法制备纳米零价铁生物炭的方法。将海藻酸铁在高温缺氧条件下热解制备了球形零价铁生物炭复合材料（ZVIBC），考察了Cd(II)溶液pH、初始浓度、吸附时间、背景离子、空气中老化时间对ZVIBC吸附Cd(II)性能的影响，通过FTIR、XRD、XPS、EDS等方法对ZVIBC以及ZVIBC-Cd(II)进行了表征，研究了ZVIBC对Cd(II)的吸附机理。结果显示：pH对ZVIBC吸附Cd(II)有显著的影响，4为最佳吸附pH条件。ZVIBC吸附Cd(II)的过程符合Langmuir模型，拟合的饱和吸附量为240 mg/g。主要吸附机理为：活性官能团（O—H、C—O、C=C、C=O、COO）与Cd(II)形成配合物，以及Cd(II)与Fe2+生成Cd(OH)2沉淀。     

Solubility of Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and their mixture in supercritical water

The solubility of many salts in water decreases dramatically with temperature in the vicinity of the critical point of pure water. Examples of these salts are sulfates of sodium, potassium, lithium and sodium carbonate. These salts are usually produced during supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and contribute to fouling. The solubility of Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄ has been determined in pure form and in the presence of each other, for the temperature range relevant to SCWO. The experimental procedure was to pass the salt solution through a tube at constant temperature. After a brief initiation period during which no salt sticks to the tube, the salt above the solubility limit deposited on the tube surface. The solution leaving the section was thus at the solubility limit. A rapid decrease in the salt solubility was observed just above the pseudo-critical temperature. For supercritical conditions, the solubility of each salt in the form of a mixture was quite close to the solubility of pure salt. At the highest fluid density considered (480 kg/m³) the presence of Na₂CO₃ reduces the solubility of Na₂SO₄, as might be expected from the “common-ion effect”.     

Oxidative coupling of methane over Na+-ZrO2-C1-/Al2O3 catalysts

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was carried out over Na⁺-ZrO₂-Cl /A1[₂O₃ catalysts in a temperature range from 1023 to 1123 K. The catalysts were prepared by impregnating the α- or γ-Al₂O₃ supports with sodium carbonate and/or zirconyl chloride. The OCM activity was examined using the catalysts prepared by three different preparation procedures. The best catalyst was the one prepared by subsequent impregnation of sodium carbonate-preimpregnated γ-Al₂O₃ with a mixed solution of sodium carbonate and zirconyl chloride. It was found that preimpregnated sodium played an important role in reducing the combustion activity of the γ-Al₂O₃. The catalyst with an optimal composition showed the highest C₂ selectivity and yield of 40.8% and 15.1%, respectively. From the X-ray diffraction analysis it was found that tetragonal ZrO₂ was formed and that NaCl existed in the catalysts with relatively high sodium contents.     

Volatilisation and catalytic effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species during the pyrolysis and gasification of Victorian brown coal. Part III. The importance of the interactions between volatiles and char at high temperature

A novel two-stage fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor was designed to investigate the effects of volatile-char interactions on the volatilisation of alkali and alkaline earth metallic (AAEM) species during the pyrolysis of Victorian brown coal at 900 °C. With the two-stage reactor configuration, the AAEM-free volatiles generated from the pyrolysis of the H-form coal in the fluidised bed came into direct contact with the char from NaCl-loaded or Na-form coals in the fixed bed. The results indicated that the interactions between the volatiles, especially free radicals in the volatiles, and the char particles enhanced the volatilisation of Na from the char drastically. However, such radical-char interactions resulted in little volatilisation of Mg and Ca, indicating the importance of valence of the AAEM species. The degree of the volatile-char interactions was also related to the ageing of the char and the chemical form of AAEM species in the coal substrate. The volatiles interacted more strongly with the nascent char than the aged char, indicating that the AAEM species existed in the aged char in more stable forms than in the nascent char.     

3-甲硫基-1-丙醇的合成研究

研究了以 3 氯 1 丙醇和甲硫醇钠为原料 ,在相转移催化剂四甲基溴化铵的作用下 ,在 0℃下反应 1h ,然后升温至 30℃ ,并在此温度下反应 0 .5h ,合成了 3 甲硫基 1 丙醇 ,并用气相色谱、红外光谱和气质联用对其结构进行了确定。该方法工艺简单 ,条件温和 ,反应时间短 ,易于工业化 ,环境污染少 ,也适应于合成其他甲硫基化合物。