用VBA编程生成螺纹三维实体模型

阐述了在AutoCAD中用VBA编写的，造型螺纹三维实体模型的程序的理论依据和算法。介绍了该程序的使用方法，列出了程序框图和重要部分的程序清单。     

A study of solid circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed

An experimental investigation under cold condition was made to study the effects of some operating/design parameters and non-mechanical L valve configuration on the solid circulation rate in a 4.5 m tall, 0.15 m diameter circulating fluidized bed with riser flow rate varying from 1400 litres/min to 2000 litres/min and bed inventory from 15 kg to 25 kg of sand of average sizes 200 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm. Solid circulation rate was estimated by measuring velocity of sand particle travelling through a vertical Perspex tube section at the bottom of the return leg. It was found to be in the range of 2.8 to 12.3kg/m²s, 0.07 to 9.1kg/m²s and 0.12 to 2.23kg/m²s for sand sizes of 200 μm, 400 μm and 500 μm, respectively for a horizontal L valve. Two mathematical correlations have been developed from the experimental results to predict solid circulation rate as a function of riser flow rate, aeration flow rate, total bed inventory and particle size used.     

Promising alloys for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell interconnect application

The formation of a low Cr-volatility and electrically conductive oxide outer layer atop an inner chromia layer via thermal oxidation is highly desirable for preventing chromium evaporation from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) metallic interconnects at the SOFC operation temperatures. In this paper, a number of ferritic Fe–22Cr alloys with different levels of Mn and Ti as well as a Ni-based alloy Haynes 242 were cyclically oxidized in air at 800 °C for twenty 100-h cycles. No oxide scale spallation was observed during thermal cycling for any of these alloys. A mixed Mn₂O₃/TiO₂ surface layer and/or a (Mn, Cr)₃O₄ spinel outer layer atop a Cr₂O₃ inner layer was formed for the Fe–22Cr series alloys, while an NiO outer layer with a Cr₂O₃ inner layer was developed for Haynes 242 after cyclic oxidation. For the Fe–22Cr series alloys, the effects of Mn and Ti contents as well as alloy purity on the oxidation resistance and scale area specific resistance were evaluated. The performance of the ferritic alloys was compared with that of Haynes 242. The mismatch in thermal expansion coefficient between the different layers in the oxide scale was identified as a potential concern for these otherwise promising alloys.     

Formation of low-resistivity poly-Si and SiNx films by Cat-CVD for ULSI application

In this paper, bulk-Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) are fabricated using the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) method as an alternative technology to the conventional high-temperature thermal chemical vapor deposition. Particularly, formation of low-resistivity phosphorus (P)-doped poly-Si films is attempted by using Cat-CVD-deposited amorphous silicon (a-Si) films and successive rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of them. Even after RTA processes, neither peeling nor bubbling are observed, since hydrogen contents in Cat-CVD a-Si films can be as low as 1.1%. Both the crystallization and low resistivity of 0.004 Ω·cm are realized by RTA at 1000 °C for only 5 s. It is also revealed that Cat-CVD SiN_x films prepared at 250 °C show excellent oxidation resistance, when the thickness of films is larger than approximately 10 nm for wet O₂ oxidation at 1100 °C. It is found that the thickness required to stop oxygen penetration is equivalent to that for thermal CVD SiN_x prepared at 750 °C. Finally, complementary MOSFETs (CMOSs) of single-crystalline Si were fabricated by using Cat-CVD poly-Si for gate electrodes and SiN_x films for masks of local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS). At 3.3 V operation, less than 1.0 pA μm⁻¹ of OFF leakage current and ON/OFF ratio of 10⁷–10⁸ are realized, i.e. the devices can operate similarly to conventional thermal CVD process.     

Applications of the 4×4 determinant method and the POLYGON ENGINE

In the first half of the paper, various types of processing pertaining to a polygon, using the 4×4 determinant theories are explained along with a new containment test algorithm of a point in a polygon. In the latter half of the paper, a general-purpose geometric processor, the POLYGON ENGINE, is presented which can deal with various types of interference problems, such as Boolean operations in solid modelling, hidden line and surface eliminations, ray tracing and so on. It is, a successor of the TRIANGLE PROCESSOR and is also based upon the 4×4 determinant theories [4–6]. While the TRIANGLE PROCESSOR processes a triangulated polygon on a triangle-by-triangle basis, the POLYGON ENGINE can treat a polygon without triangulation. The latter is expected to be more functional, more efficient and easier to use.     

Results of familiarization of and prospects for a procedure for the burning of wastes in a vortical fluidized bed

Problems that have arisen during tune-up of the production line for the thermal processing of solid household waste by the method of burning in a vortical fluidized bed (principally, a new technology for Russia), and means of their solution are presented. Investigative studies are cited. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, pp. 20–26, August, 2006.     

Sol-gel preparation of a di-ureasil electrolyte doped with lithium perchlorate

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) synthesized by the sol-gel process and designated as di-ureasils have been prepared through the incorporation of lithium perchlorate, LiClO₄, into the d-U(2000) organic-inorganic hybrid network. Electrolytes with lithium salt compositions of n (where n indicates the number of oxyethylene units per Li⁺ ion) between ∞ and 0.5 were characterized by conductivity measurements, cyclic voltammetry at a gold microelectrode, thermal analysis and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy. The conductivity results obtained suggest that this system offers a quite significant improvement over previously characterized analogues doped with lithium triflate [S.C. Nunes, V. de Zea Bermudez, D. Ostrovskii, M.M. Silva, S. Barros, M.J. Smith, R.A. Sá Ferreira, L.D. Carlos, J. Rocha, E. Morales, J. Electrochem. Soc. 152 (2) (2005), A429]. “Free” perchlorate ions, detected in all the samples examined, are identified as the main charge carriers in the sample that yields the highest room temperature conductivity (n = 20). In the di-ureasils with n ≤ 10 ionic association is favoured and the ionic conductivity drops.     

Influence of wood extractives on the photo‐discoloration of wood surfaces exposed to artificial weathering

Extracted and unextracted black cherry (Prunus serotina), red oak (Quercus rubra), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) wood specimens were exposed to artificial weathering, and their discoloration process was investigated to obtain basic understanding on the role of wood extractives in the weathering of hardwoods and softwoods. Color measurements were made with a spectrometer according to ISO 2470 standards, using the CIELAB system. Results obtained showed that the rate of whiteness was not significantly affected by extractives removed with organic solvents, but were significantly affected when organic solvent extraction was followed by water extraction. The total discoloration rate had the same pattern, and chromaticity coordinates were less affected by wood extractives. These results confirm the hypothesis that some extractives contained in wood act as antioxidants and are able to provide some protection to wood surfaces against weathering degradation. However, more work is needed to understand the chemistry and mechanism of action of these extractives so as to develop any practical use for this property. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 425–434, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20248     

固体润滑涂层的评价和使用

本文主要介绍了二硫化钼，石墨、聚四氟乙烯三种固体润滑涂层的特点以及润滑涂层摩擦磨损性能的评价手段和方法，以及台架试验和应用实例，提出了选用方法和步骤。