Antioxidant Activity of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Fruit Peel and Pulp Extracts in Stabilization of Soybean Oil During Storage Conditions

The antioxidation activities of Eriobotrya japonica (Lindl.) fruit peel and pulp extracts were determined using DPPH, β-carotene, and Rancimat methods. Results showed that ethanol-water extract of peel and ethanol extract of pulp had the highest antioxidant activity. Protective effects of extracts in stabilization of soybean oil were tested and compared to tert-butyl hydroquinone by measuring peroxide values, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid, oxidative stability, and conjugated dienes and trienes values during storage (65 days at 25°C). Results showed that the ethanol-water extract of peel at 400 ppm exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, but the highest effect was observed in tert-butyl hydroquinone.     

Partial Characterization of Ultrafiltrated Soy Protein Hydrolysates with Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities

Soy protein isolate (SPI) was hydrolyzed with Flavourzyme® (SHF) or chymotrypsin (SHC). Hydrolysates were sequencially fractionated by ultrafiltration using different membrane pore sizes (50, 10, and 3 kDa). The antioxidant ability of each hydrolysate protein fraction was tested in a liposome oxidizing system and their free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) was evaluated with the DPPH method (diphenylpicrilhydrazine radical). Molecular weight (MW) distribution, solubility, surface hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition of each SPI hydrolysate fraction were measured and their effect on antioxidant and scavenging activities was established by multivariate correlation. The most active ultrafiltrated peptide fractions (P < 0.05), from SHF and SHC, had of MW of <3 kDa (F3 and C3, respectively). These fractions decreased liposome oxidation by 83.2% and 84.5%, respectively, and also showed the highest FRSA (F3: 21.3% and C3: 24.4%). In addition to molecular size, the antioxidant activity and FRSA of soy protein fractions were related to their amino acid composition, especially to an increased content of Phe and a lowered content of Lys. Also, hydrophobicity of ultrafiltrated peptide fractions was an important characteristic (P < 0.001) associated with their ability to trap free radicals. Ultrafiltered peptide fractions with low MW have a high potential to be used as natural alternatives to prevent lipid oxidation in foods.     

活性肽抗皮肤老化作用研究进展

活性肽是近年来功能性食品的研究热点. 随着人口老龄化和社会活动的增加,延缓皮肤老化越来越受到人们的关注,活性肽在此方面展现了一定的应用前景,尤其是胶原蛋白肽在美容方面有大量应用和研究报道. 文章结合皮肤老化的机理,从肽的吸收和转运、肽在抗皮肤老化实验研究等方面综述了活性肽的抗皮肤老化作用研究进展.     

中草药复配乳蛋白ACE抑制肽的试验研究

为了将具有降血压功效的药食同源中草药与具有降血压活性的牛奶蛋白酶解液复配,以完成一款具有辅助降压功效的功能性牛奶的实验研究提供理论依据和技术参数。试验以ACE抑制率为指标,优化胰蛋白酶酶解脱脂乳的最佳工艺,并从15味中草药中筛选出具有较高ACE抑制活性的提取液,再将优化所得酶解液和筛选出的中草药提取液进行复配,获得高ACE抑制率的活性功能乳组方。结果表明:胰蛋白酶酶解脱脂乳的最佳酶解工艺为底物质量浓度7 g/100 mL、酶解时间6 h、加酶量5%、酶解温度31℃、pH6.9,脱脂乳酶解液的ACE抑制率为58.51%;筛选得出山楂、决明子的ACE抑制率较高,分别为50.88%、45.34%;且当山楂提取液和决明子提取液混合时ACE抑制活性提高,两者为2:1时,ACE抑制率较高为52.52%;酶解液和中草药提取液(山楂提取液:决明子提取液为2:1)按1:1进行复配,ACE抑制率最高为59.09%,对研究具有辅助调节血压效应的保健功能性乳制品具有理论和实践探讨意义。     

丝素肽增重处理对桑蚕丝结构与性能的影响

为了研究桑蚕丝增重处理的机理以及提高桑蚕丝的利用价值,通过对增重前后桑蚕丝纤维进行场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热稳定性分析(TG)等表征,分析了丝素肽增重处理对桑蚕丝纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:经丝素肽增重处理后,桑蚕丝纤维的横截面结构变得松弛,有空隙;纤维的纵向表面变得粗糙,有条纹;桑蚕丝纤维中各特征吸收峰的强度增强,峰形相应变宽;增重前后桑蚕丝晶型结构没有变化,且增重反应主要发生在无定形区;增重后桑蚕丝热稳定性增加。     

山药多糖和大豆多肽对复合益生菌发酵特性的影响

试验研究了山药多糖和大豆多肽对鼠李糖乳杆菌R11 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11)、嗜酸乳杆菌R418(Lactobacillus acidophilus R418)和动物双歧杆菌亚种B94 (Bifidobacterium lactis B94)三种复合益生菌发酵特性的影响。在复合益生菌中加入不同浓度益生元后进行复合发酵,通过测定微生物、pH、总酸和短链脂肪酸,研究山药多糖、大豆多肽对复合益生菌促发酵特性的影响。结果表明,添加2.0%山药多糖、0.5%大豆多肽能显著促进复合益生菌的增殖;添加1.0%的山药多糖和大豆多肽能够促进复合益生菌的产酸能力,其产生的短链脂肪酸含量均显著高于菊粉。此次试验进一步为开发山药多糖、大豆多肽作为新型益生元提供依据。     

双酶法制备豌豆肽及其抗氧化活性

研究豌豆蛋白双酶水解的最佳工艺条件及产物的抗氧化活性。以豌豆蛋白粉为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化出双酶分段水解豌豆蛋白的工艺条件,并初步研究豌豆肽的抗氧化活性。结果表明,双酶法制备豌豆肽的最佳工艺条件为:底物浓度10%,复合蛋白酶加酶量3.0%,pH 9.0,温度55℃,酶解3.5 h;用碱性蛋白酶酶解,加酶量3.0%,pH 9.5,温度50℃,酶解4.0 h。由此酶解得到水解物的水解度为39.61%。水解液蛋白浓度0.125 mg/mL时,其对Fe2+螯合能力为83.22%。试验表明和单酶水解相比,双酶水解工艺可提高豌豆蛋白的水解度和抗氧化活性。     

中华绿螂抗氧化肽的提取及其抗氧化性

利用响应面法和超滤法对中华绿螂中抗氧化肽的木瓜蛋白酶水解提取工艺条件进行优化。在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法分析建立二次回归模型。以酶与底物浓度比值([E]/[S])、酶解温度、酶解p H和酶解时间为自变量,DPPH自由基清除率为响应值,研究各因素及其交互作用对自由基清除率的影响。根据响应曲面图及其等高线图,确认木瓜蛋白酶水解中华绿螂制备抗氧化肽的最优工艺条件:底物浓度6%、pH 4.11、酶解温度40℃、酶解时间3.09 h。在此条件下,中华绿螂抗氧化肽对DPPH自由基清除率为97.64%。所得回归模型高度显著(p<0.0001),与理论预测值基本吻合。根据超滤试验可知,超滤膜截留分子质量3000~1000 Da时抗氧化性最佳,超滤所得可溶性蛋白酶解物的抗氧化性为94.96%。     

Coumestrol induces senescence through protein kinase CKII inhibition-mediated reactive oxygen species production in human breast cancer and colon cancer cells

An inhibitor of the protein kinase CKII (CKII) was purified from leaves of Glycine max (L.) Merrill and was identified as coumestrol by structural analysis. Coumestrol inhibited the phosphotransferase activity of CKII toward β-casein, with an IC₅₀ of about 5 μM. It acted as a competitive inhibitor with respect to ATP as a substrate, with an apparent K_i value of 7.67 μM. Coumestrol at 50 μM resulted in 50% and 30% growth inhibition of human breast cancer MCF-7 and colorectal cancer HCT116 cells, respectively. Coumestrol promoted senescence through the p53-p21^Cip1/WAF1 pathway by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MCF-7 and HCT116 cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and p22^phox siRNA almost completely abolished this event. Overexpression of CKIIα antagonised cellular senescence mediated by coumestrol, indicating that this compound induced senescence via a CKII-dependent pathway. Since senescence is an important tumour suppression process in vivo, these results suggest that coumestrol can function by inhibiting oncogenic disease, at least in part, through CKII inhibition-mediated cellular senescence.     

Effects of baking on cyanidin-3-glucoside content and antioxidant properties of black and yellow soybean crackers

Black soybean is a potential functional food ingredient with high anthocyanin content, but the ability to maintain anthocyanin content under dry heat processing has not been reported. This study investigated the effects of soybean seed coat colour and baking time–temperature combinations on the extractable antioxidant properties of a soy cracker food model. Crackers prepared with black soybeans had significantly higher TPC, total isoflavones, and peroxyl, hydroxyl, and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging abilities than their yellow counterparts, at all time–temperature combinations. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was detected only in black soybean crackers, and all baking treatments significantly decreased C3G. The greatest losses occurred at the low temperature × long time and high temperature × short time, the smallest loss with moderate temperature × short/medium time. The high temperature treatment altered phenolic acid and isoflavone profiles; however, total isoflavones were unaffected. Overall results suggest that moderate baking temperature at minimal time may best preserve anthocyanin and other phenolics in baked black soybean crackers.