Extraction of lipids from cherry seed oil using supercritical carbon dioxide

 Cherry seeds (Prunus avium L.) were extracted with compressed carbon dioxide at 313 K and 333 K in the pressure range 18–22 MPa. The influence of superficial velocity was also analysed using values of 0.02, 0.06 and 0.08 cm/s. The extraction yield was increased by a reduction in particle size. The physical and chemical characteristics of the oil were determined. The results, in terms of free fatty acids and sterol compositions, were compared with those obtained when hexane was used as solvent. Other physical and chemical characteristics were also compared with refined hexane-extracted oil. Received: 29 February 2000 / Revised version: 19 April 2999     

Chemical characterization of Chinese chive seed (Allium tuberosum Rottl.)

Chinese chive seeds (Allium tuberosum Rottl.) (grown in China) were investigated. Density, thousand-grain weight, and hectolitre weight of seeds were 1.27 g/cm³, 4.9 g, and 71 kg/100 l, respectively. The results showed that Chinese chive seeds contained high amounts of oil (15.8%), dietary fibre (18.2%) and crude protein (12.3%). Oil of seeds was composed of 10.1% saturated and 90.0% unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic(69.1%) and palmitic (7.0%) were the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. Chinese chive seeds contained 4.5 mg/kg of thiamin, 2.8 mg/kg of riboflavin and 55.1 mg/kg of niacin. The mineral contents of the seed of A. tuberosum, for iron, calcium and zinc, were 580 mg/kg, 1328 and 80.8 mg/kg, respectively. Analysis of the amino acid content of Chinese chive seed revealed that it was a rich source of the essential amino acids, isoleucine, tryptophan and lysine. The study revealed that Chinese chive seeds had high levels of nutritionally important components, such as oil, minerals and essential amino acids.     

激光处理油松种子对其幼苗及根系生长的影响

研究了用激光处理油松种子对其幼苗地上部分和地下部分的影响。结果表明,处理组比对照组的苗高增加59%,地径增长37%,地上部分干质量增长52%,主根长增加36%,侧根数增加43%,根系干质量增长108%。表明激光处理油松种子对其幼苗和根系生长有积极增强效应。     

气相色谱法快速测定粮谷及油籽中哒菌清残留量

采用气相色谱法对粮谷及油籽中哒菌清残留量进行测定，方法具有前处理简单、干扰因素小，对色谱系统污染小。且快速、准确、分离完全等特点。     

麻疯树籽毒蛋白抑菌活性初步研究

通过浸泡、匀浆、离心、干燥等工艺,得到了麻疯树毒蛋白,将该蛋白进行抑菌活性研究,得到了如下研究结果：对酿酒酵母、毛霉和根霉具有较强的抑菌活性,对毛霉和根霉的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）不超过1.5 g/L,对酿酒酵母最低抑菌浓度不超过1.0 g/L,而其对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用不明显。抑菌的最佳p H值。     

Synthesis of Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxides as Flavor Precursors,Using Selected Substrate Sources

The objective of the research was the synthesis of linoleic acid hydroperoxides (HPOD) and their recovery, using selected sources of linoleic acid (LA) as substrate. This is part of on-going work aimed at the development of an economically viable biotechnological process for the production of natural flavors. The investigated sources included pure (100 %) LA and commercial (67 %) LA as well as safflower oil (SO) and its hydrolyzed product. A model describing commercial LA oxidation by lipoxygenase, based on Michaelis–Menten kinetics, was developed. The conversion of pure LA and commercial LA resulted in insignificant differences in HPOD yield of 69.7 and 68.9 %, respectively. However, there was a significant difference in the HPOD yield, obtained from the SO (2.0 %) and that from the hydrolyzed SO (58.0 %) in comparison to that from pure LA (69.7 %). The ratios of the different 9- and 13-HPOD isomers were insignificantly different for the sources containing free LA, with 13-(9Z,11E)-HPOD was the highest relative percentage. Using optimized conditions, HPOD yields were 85.9 and 74.0 % for the commercial LA and the hydrolyzed SO, respectively. Based on experimental findings, commercial (67 %) LA was selected as the most appropriate alternative to pure LA for the production of HPOD. An efficient extraction procedure for the recovery of HPOD was also developed.     

Synthesis and Tribological Properties of Air Plasma Polymerized Soybean Oil with N-Containing Structures

In this study, polymerized oils with different viscosity grades were synthesized by the polymerization of soybean oil (SO) in an air plasma environment. The results of the elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis gas chromatography revealed that the carbonyl, organic amine, and nitrogen heterocyclic groups were incorporated into the molecule of the polymerized oil (PAIR9); the GPC chromatogram of this oil revealed that the product consisted of dimers and oligomers with higher molecular weights. The tribological behaviors of the polymerized oils were evaluated using a four-ball friction and wear tester. The maximum non-seizure loads of all the polymerized oils surpassed that of SO, and the P _B value of PAIR9 reached 1,186 N. Meanwhile, PAIR9 exhibited much better anti-wear performance when the tested loads were lower than 350 N. The worn surfaces lubricated by SO and PAIR9 were analyzed using the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The results of the XPS analysis proved that during the frictional process, the polymerized oil could not only promote the adsorption of the oil on the metal surface because of the oxygen-containing species (such as esters and carbonyl groups) with higher polarities but also promote the interactions with the metallic iron to form compact and stable tribochemical films containing organic nitrogen complexes.     

The Bleaching of Soybean Fabric by Different Treatments Combined with Ozonation

This article is about bleaching of soybean fibers. Although the studies related to dyeing of soybean fibers have been found in the literature, little has been reported on the effect of bleaching. The natural color of soybean protein fibers is pale yellow or cream, and it is therefore usually necessary to bleach them to improve their whiteness. Different bleaching treatments combined with ozonation were performed in order to establish the effect on whiteness, yellowness, lightness, wettability, hydrophility, moisture sorption, and fiber damage properties of knitted soybean fabric. As a result of study, bleaching process combined with ozonation (ozonation + oxidative bleaching + reductive bleaching) supplied soybean fabric with a white appearance (highest whiteness degree), highest hydrophility, and minimal fiber damage.     

环氧大豆油改性酚醛树脂生产纸基覆铜板的研究

随着市场竞争的日益激烈,优化生产工艺、降低生产成本是制造业企业增强产品市场竞争力的重要方法之一。文章主要研究如何提高环氧大豆油环氧基反应活性,使用环氧大豆油替代桐油生产纸基覆铜板,降低生产成本。     

不同基因型大豆氮效率的研究

通过对不同基因型大豆新大豆1号和黑农40的试验研究,结果表明,施氮对新大豆1号的增产作用不明显,但对黑农40有较好的增产作用;花期黑农40和新大豆1号上、中、下层叶片氮含量都随着施氮量的增加而增加,黑农40叶片氮含量与施氮量的相关系数都达到极显著相关,但新大豆1号没有达到显著水平;施氮对新大豆1号的生物固氮抑制程度高于黑农40,使新大豆1号生物固氮降低36. 3% ~85. 2%。