食品中金黄色葡萄球菌、单增李斯特氏菌和副溶血性弧菌的MPCR法检测

为快速检测食品中的金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)、单增李斯特氏菌(LM)和副溶血性弧菌(VP),根据各菌的相关基因设计引物,分别扩增金黄色葡萄球菌的耐热核酸酶基因-nuc、单增李斯特氏菌溶血素O上的hlyA基因和副溶血性弧菌的热稳定直接溶血素基因-tdh,建立一种MPCR快速检测食品中致病菌的方法,结果表明,三条特异性扩增片段分别为279bp、 243bp和202bp,经DNA测序证明其序列与模板被扩增片段一致.该方法具有良好的灵敏性和特异性.     

人工发酵剂对湘西腊肠微生物菌群和理化特性的影响

本文从动态角度探讨自然发酵、戊糖片球菌发酵、木糖葡萄球菌发酵和混合菌发酵腊肠在发酵过程中五种菌相(细菌总数、乳酸菌、葡萄球菌、酵母菌和肠细菌)和理化特性的阶段性变化。微生物数据显示,四组腊肠初始肠细菌数量约5.30 logCFU/g,而发酵结束,添加了戊糖片球菌腊肠组的肠细菌数量约1.00 logCFU/g,没有添加该菌腊肠组的肠细菌数量约3.30 logCFU/g,说明戊糖片球菌能有效抑制肠细菌的生长,保证了产品的安全性和稳定性;发酵初期,腊肠p H值迅速降5.30以下,到发酵中期,腊肠p H开始回升;在发酵过程中,戊糖片球菌腊肠组的TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸)值显著(p0.05)高于其他三组腊肠,而其它理化特性无显著差异。从数据分析可知,腊肠的发酵剂能有效改善其卫生质量,而对腊肠的p H值、AW和亚硝酸盐残留量没有显著影响。     

A large meta-analysis of the global prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA contamination of milk

ABSTRACT

Past reports have indicated a high prevalence of milk contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus and MRSA in pasteurized and boiled cow's milk, raw cow's milk, and raw Caprinae milk (raw sheep's milk and raw goat's milk) and across different periods, continents, economic conditions and purchase locations remain inconsistent. We searched relevant articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science before July 2016. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement was used to evaluate the quality of 93 included studies. We observed that the pooled prevalence rates of S. aureus contamination in pasteurized and boiled cow's milk, raw cow's milk, and raw Caprinae milk were 15.4% (95% CI, 6.1–27.5%), 33.5% (95% CI, 29.5–37.7%) and 25.8% (95% CI, 17.5–35.0%), respectively. The pooled prevalence rates of MRSA contamination were 4.9% (95% CI, 0.0–15.7%), 2.3% (95% CI, 1.3–3.6%), and 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5–1.8%), respectively. The prevalence of S. aureus contamination in raw cow's milk increased over time. However, the pooled prevalence of raw cow's milk contaminated with S. aureus was lowest in European studies. These findings give an indication of the consequence of better milk regulation in Europe. High S. aureus prevalence rates in raw milk collected from farms and processing companies pose a potential threat to consumers. The implementation of good hygiene practices, appropriate health knowledge, and food safety principles at the farm level, as well as the prudent use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and heat treatment before drinking, are necessary to reduce the potential risk of S. aureus and MRSA contamination.     

金黄色葡萄球菌在生乳与灭菌乳中生长状况分析

目的 了解并比较金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)在生乳与灭菌乳中的生长状况.方法 采用GB/T4789.37-2008<食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验>,测定不同温度下金黄色葡萄球菌在生乳和灭菌乳中的生长情况,利用MicroFit 1.0软件对所测数据进行分析,利用SPSS统计软件对该菌在生乳与灭菌乳中生长参数进行统计分析.结果 金黄色葡萄球菌在生乳中的最大生长速率明显低于在灭菌乳中的最大生长速率,二者的迟滞期、代时无明显差异.结论 金黄色葡萄球菌在生乳与灭菌乳中的生长情况差异显著.有统计学意义(P<0.05).     

产毒金葡菌和粘质沙雷氏菌在蘑菇罐头中的生长及产毒、产TECRA阳性物质的规律

本文研究了产毒金葡菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、粘质沙雷氏菌(Serrolia marcescens)的纯培养物,以及pH条件变化时,它们各自与其它细菌共存时,在蘑菇罐头中的生长及产葡萄球菌肠毒素、产TECRA阳性物质的规律。并了解热处理对肠毒素和阳性物质的效应。结果表明,金葡菌和粘质沙雷氏菌均能在蘑菇罐头中生长,并产毒/产阳性物质,但罐头汤汁的pH较有利于后者的生长和产阳性物质。在混合菌相中,金葡菌是虚弱竞争者,生长及产毒均受抑制。粘质沙雷氏菌所产阳性物质与肠毒素一样,具有一定的热抗性。     

A note on the incidence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat and chicken samples

One hundred and fifty samples of raw calf/lamb meat samples (mince and chunks) and chicken parts (giblets, carcass) were analysed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Eighty S. aureus strains were isolated and identified. Resistance of the strains to methicillin and other antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test. The overall methicillin resistance rate for S. aureus was 67.5%. Of S. aureus strains, 87.5% were resistant to bacitracin. A high prevalence of penicillin G resistance was detected for S. aureus (53.8%). Few of the strains were resistant to erythromycin (7.5%). All strains were susceptible to vancomycin, sulbactam–ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and cefaperazone–sulbactam. This study confirmed the presence of S. aureus, especially antibiotic-resistant strains, in the foods examined, indicating poor sanitary conditions during processing which may create a health risk for consumers.     

茶多酚对肉源腐败菌和致病菌的抑制效果

研究了茶多酚对肉源荧光假单胞菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果。设计不同浓度茶多酚溶液(0.0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、2.5%),采用滤纸片法评判抑制效果。结果表明,茶多酚溶液(0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、2.5%)对荧光假单胞菌有极显著的抑制效果(P<0.01),常用的防腐剂山梨酸钾(1.0%)对其抑制效果却不显著(P>0.05)。茶多酚溶液(1.0%、2.0%、2.5%)和山梨酸钾溶液(1.0%)对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有极显著的抑制效果(P<0.01),茶多酚溶液(0.5%)对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌无显著的抑制效果(P>0.05)。通过茶多酚溶液的浓度与4种菌抑菌圈直径的直线相关图可以看出,茶多酚溶液的浓度与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌抑菌圈直径的相关系数最大,荧光假单胞菌次之,其次是金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌。     

野生艾蒿浸提物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用

利用水浸提法制得的艾蒿提取物采用滤纸片法和测OD值法对金黄色葡萄球菌进行了抑菌活性实验的研究.结果表明,艾蒿浸提物采用2种方法对金黄色葡萄球菌都有很好的抑制活性;且艾蒿提取物的抑菌效果与其自身浓度有关,高浓度的提取液抑菌作用强烈,反之则相对较弱.     

裂解基因E和核酸酶基因串联表达载体的构建及大肠杆菌菌影的制备

目的构建噬菌体裂解基因E和核酸酶基因串联表达载体,制备高质量的大肠杆菌菌影。方法自行设计一对引物,PCR扩增PhiX174噬菌体裂解基因E,将该基因亚克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建大肠杆菌菌影的表达载体pGEX-E。在E基因基础上与辅助基因葡萄球菌核酸酶A(SN)基因串联,并插入pGEX-6P-1载体,构建双基因串联高效表达载体pGEX-E-5aaLinker-SN和pGEX-E-15aaLinker-SN,采用CaCl2法将其转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,制备大肠杆菌菌影。结果裂解基因E单基因及串联基因已成功插入融合表达载体pGEX-6P-1,所构建的大肠杆菌菌影表达载体pGEX-E、pGEX-E-5aaLinker-SN和pGEX-E-15aaLinker-SN,诱导后经透射电镜及活菌计数显示大肠杆菌已发生不同程度裂解,制成了大肠杆菌菌影。电镜下菌影形态完整,内容物已释放到胞外。结论已成功构建了噬菌体裂解基因E单基因及裂解基因和核酸酶基因串联基因表达载体,并制成了大肠杆菌菌影,为进一步研究菌影这一新型的疫苗及佐剂形式奠定了基础。