不同发酵特性的嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌共发酵的特性

为探究具有不同优良性状的嗜热链球菌株与保加利亚乳杆菌株共发酵的特性,用产酸快的嗜热链球菌StCH-1菌株和产黏好的嗜热链球菌StTA040菌株与保加利亚乳杆菌Lb0925B菌株组合,测定其组合菌株的发酵性能。通过实验发现组合菌株发酵速率均比单菌株发酵速率快,其中含有嗜热链球菌StCH-1的组合菌株发酵速率较快,而含有嗜热链球菌StTA040的组合菌株的胞外多糖产量较高,发酵乳的黏度较高,持水力较强;三组分发酵剂的发酵速率快,发酵乳在贮藏期间黏度高,持水力强,通过感官分析得出三组分发酵剂制得的发酵乳的口感和风味最佳。     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体制备及融合

为获得具有抗噬菌体功能且发酵性能优良的乳酸菌融合子,采用单亲灭活及正交分析方法,研究了保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体制备及融合条件。结果表明：保加利亚乳杆菌原生质体制备的最适条件是以磷酸盐缓冲液和甘露醇制作的高渗溶液为原生质体稳定剂,1.0 mg/mL的溶菌酶36 ℃处理30 min,原生质体的形成率为（89.02±2.31）%,再生率为（4.62±0.22）%。嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株原生质体制备的最适条件是以Tris-HCl和蔗糖制作的高渗溶液为原生质体稳定剂,0.1 mg/mL的溶菌酶42 ℃处理30 min,原生质体的形成率为（99.15±0.23）%,再生率为（5.79±0.17）%。单亲灭活保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株原生质体融合的最适条件为聚乙二醇6000（质量浓度为400 g/L,添加0.01 mol/L CaCl2、0.02 mol/L MgCl2）40 ℃促融2 min,融合率可达（1.85±0.12）×10－6。所得融合子各项性能优良,适合于酸奶生产。     

添加有机前体物质对发酵生产HA的影响研究

研究了摇瓶发酵过程中添加物对兽疫链球菌Streptococcus zooepidemicus发酵生产透明质酸的影响。结果表明：在发酵5h时,装液量80mL／500mL,转速300rpm,添加1．0％的丙酮可以使HA产量提高23．25％。丙酮可以作为一种有效的添加物应用于HA的生产。     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌发酵夸克的工艺条件优化

以脱脂乳为原料,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合发酵剂制备夸克。以乳清OD500nm值、夸克校正产率及感官品质为评定指标,对凝乳酶添加量、CaCl2添加量、发酵剂嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌配比、切割pH值4个因素进行考察。在此基础上对夸克感官评分进行四因素两水平的正交试验。结果表明：在凝乳酶添加量0.015%、嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌配比3:2、CaCl2添加量0.02%、切割pH值为4.5时,所得夸克的感官评分最高,具有浓郁的奶香味,酸味清爽无颗粒感。     

酶解法制备草鱼皮蛋白水解物增殖嗜热链球菌

嗜热链球菌被认为是一种多功能益生菌,将Neutrase 0.8L、Protease P “Amano”6、ProteAX、Alcalase 2.4LFG和风味中性蛋白酶5 种草鱼皮蛋白水解物作为培养嗜热链球菌的氮源,以水解物对嗜热链球菌的增殖效果为评价指标,选择最佳水解用酶,并利用正交试验优化酶解条件。结果表明,5 种微生物蛋白酶中,Neutrase 0.8L是水解草鱼皮蛋白的最佳用酶,最佳的酶解条件为：加酶量1%、酶解时间80 min、起始pH 6.5、料水比1∶2（m/V）。利用Neutrase 0.8L酶解法制备得到的富含胶原蛋白肽的草鱼皮蛋白水解物,是一种培养嗜热链球菌的理想氮源。     

Deactivation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilms on a Tooth Surface Using He Dielectric Barrier Discharge at Atmospheric Pressure

This paper presents a study of the effect of the low temperature atmospheric helium dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) on the Streptococcus mutans biofilms formed on tooth surface. Pig jaws were also treated by plasma to detect if there is any harmful effect on the gingiva.The plasma was characterized by using optical emission spectroscopy.Experimental data indicated that the discharge is very effective in deactivating Streptococcus mutans biofilms.It can destroy them with an average decimal reduction time(D-time) of 19 s and about 98%of thein were killed after a treatment time of 30 s.According to the survival curve kinetic an overall 32 s treatment time would be necessary to perform a complete sterilization.The experimental results presented in this study indicated that the helium dielectric barrier discharge,in plan-parallel electrode configuration,could be a very effective tool for deactivation of oral bacteria and might be a promising technique in various dental clinical applications.     

全脂乳中2种乳酸菌的HPLC研究

研究了可应用于高效液相离子交换色谱分析的嗜热链球菌及保加利亚乳杆菌的培养方法,同时探讨了全脂乳中培养的乳酸菌HPLC上样菌悬液的制备方法。对全脂乳中培养不同时间的嗜热链球菌及保加利亚乳杆菌进行色谱表征,并首次发现保加利亚乳杆菌在全脂乳培养过程中菌体形态变化与色谱表征的一致性。     

Streptococcus thermophilus strains of plant origin as dairy starters: Isolation and characterisation

Streptococcus thermophilus strains have been isolated mainly from dairy environments. To prospect for new strains of S. thermophilus, isolation was made from different plant sources. In this study, 74 plant isolates were characterised as S. thermophilus by a polyphasic approach and by 16S rRNA sequencing. The isolates were further evaluated for their physiological and biochemical properties. Plant isolates exhibited good acid production and varying proteolytic activity. All the isolates showed acetaldehyde and capsular exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and few revealed diacetyl production. In contrast to industrial strains, six isolates were able to ferment galactose and 25 were found to have no urease activity. Both the plant isolates and reference dairy cultures were found to possess similar physiological and biochemical properties and can be considered for developing new starters.     

青花椒精油对致龋菌的体外抑菌活性

为研究青花椒精油（Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. essential oils,ZSEOs）对变形链球菌、血链球菌和远缘链球菌的体外抑菌活性,采用水蒸气蒸馏法从重庆、贵州、四川、云南4 个产地的青花椒果皮中提取ZSEOs,分别记为ZS1EO、ZS2EO、ZS3EO、ZS4EO。通过全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱分析不同ZSEOs的化学组成,同时测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌质量浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）、最小杀菌质量浓度（minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC）、致龋菌生长曲线评估ZSEOs的抑菌活性,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察ZSEOs处理后细菌的形态变化。结果表明,芳樟醇（18.86%～22.00%）、柠檬烯（9.56%～14.84%）、β-月桂烯（5.79%～12.70%）、桧烯（5.49%～8.93%）和β-蒎烯（3.33%～6.41%）在4 个产地ZSEOs中的含量均普遍较高。ZSEOs对3 种致龋菌均有一定的抑制效果,其中ZS1EO抑菌活性最强,对3 种致龋菌的MIC和MBC范围分别为0.5～1.0 mg/mL和1～2 mg/mL。在致龋菌生长的延迟期和对数生长期加入MIC ZS1EO会导致细菌停止增殖。ZS1EO的抑菌活性与细菌链状结构的破坏和细菌细胞膜的损伤有关。综上,ZSEOs可作为植物来源的潜在龋病抗菌剂。     

乳酸菌微囊化的初步研究

运用喷雾干燥方法对保加利亚乳杆菌，嗜热链球菌的微囊化进行了初步研究，结果表明，微胶囊化对菌体活性的保护具有良好的效果，其中各组壁材所得的最佳结果，其存活率均达５０％以上，与未微囊化样品相比，微囊铧对菌全活性的保持具有明显的效果。