The Effect of Different Polishing Sequences on the Adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to Feldspathic Porcelain

The aim of this research was to determine whether extra-oral surface treatments on feldspathic porcelain surfaces influence initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. Ninety-six porcelain specimen discs were fabricated and divided into six equal groups according to surface treatment: fine-grit diamond polishing (Group 1); self-glazing (Group 2); overglazing (Group 3); overglazing followed by a finishing procedure and then overglazing (Group 4); Pearl Surface polishing (Group 5); and Diamond Twist SCL^TM polishing (Group 6). Surface roughness and hydrophobicity were assessed. An S. mutans suspension was incubated on each specimen group and evaluated. A one-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey honestly significantly different test, Friedman test, and t-test were used for statistical analysis. Group 1 showed the highest surface roughness (p < 0.001) and bacterial adhesion (p < 0.05). Groups 5 and 6 specimen surfaces presented significantly higher contact angles (p < 0.05). Group 1 had the highest S. mutans adhesion, followed by Groups 3, 5, 6, 2, and 4 (p < 0.05). Reglazing after grinding may therefore decrease bacterial adhesion beneficially.     

变形链球菌UA159葡萄糖基转移酶B催化活性区的基因克隆及表达

为获得具有良好生物活性的可溶性葡萄糖基转移酶催化活性区(GTFB/CAT),根据NCBI上已发表的Streptococcus mutans UA159(血清型c)GTFB的DNA测序结果,按照GTFB/CAT两端的序列设计引物,利用PCR克隆技术钓取S.mutans UA159(血清型c)的GTFB/CAT基因,连入表达载体p ET-28b(+)中构成p ET-28b(+)-GTFB/CAT重组体,将重组载体转入大肠杆菌BL21(E.coil BL21)宿主菌中进行诱导表达,最佳诱导条件为37℃或30℃、4 h、诱导剂IPTG的浓度为1 mmol/L,产物经Ni2+-NAT树脂亲和层析纯化,得到了不可溶的GTFB/CAT包涵体,包涵体通过变性-复性最终得到可溶性蛋白,产物经SDS-PAGE分析表明,在44 ku处有一明显条带,与预期蛋白分子量一致,蛋白纯度约为80%,采用Somogyi法测得GTFB/CAT蛋白的比酶活为1.66 IU/mg。研究表明:成功克隆GTFB/CAT基因并通过在E.coil BL21原核体系中表达得到有生物活性的可溶性蛋白,为后续研究GTF的抗结剂及预防龋齿的效果及机理奠定了基础。     

The susceptibility of Streptococcus thermophilus 14085 to organic acid,simulated gastric juice,bile salt and disinfectant as influenced by cold shock treatment

Streptococcus thermophilus is a thermophilic lactic acid bacterium which is used as the starter organism for the fermentation of yoghurt and some cheese. In the present study, S. thermophilus BCRC 14085 was subjected to cold shock treatment by exposure at 10 °C for 2 h. The effect of cold shock on the susceptibility of S. thermophilus in subsequent lethal stress environments such as simulated gastric juice (pH 2.0–3.0), bile solution (2.0%) and various organic acids (0.75 M, pH 3.5) including propionic, lactic, acetic, citric and tartaric acid was investigated. In addition, the survival of cold-shocked and non-shocked S. thermophilus exposed to disinfectants, Clidox-S and Quatricide, were compared. Results revealed that cold shock enhanced the tolerance of S. thermophilus in the presence of simulated gastric juice (pH 2.5 and 2.8), while in bile solution, the population increase of cold-shocked cells is higher than that of non-shocked cells after 12 h of incubation. Furthermore, the susceptibility of S. thermophilus, regardless of cold shock, to organic acid varied with the kinds of organic acid examined. The cold-shocked S. thermophilus showed a significantly less survival (P < 0.05) than that of the non-shocked cells when exposed to lactic or acetic acid. Furthermore, cold shock reduced the survival of S. thermophilus when exposed to Quatricide but not Clidox-S.     

Enhanced Hyaluronic Acid Production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus by Shifting Dissolved Oxygen Level Based on Broth Rheology and Oxygen Mass Transfer Characteristics

This research focused on a dissolved oxygen (DO)-shifting strategy to enhance the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) by Streptococcus zooepidemicus. In this strategy, DO was controlled at above 10 ± 1% during 0–8 h and at 5 ± 0.5% during 8–18 h. The DO-shifting strategy increased the consistency index and oxygen mass transfer coefficient and decreased the flow behavior index n. With the proposed DO-shifting strategy, HA production increased from 5.0 ± 0.1 g/L to 6.3 ± 0.1 g/L. The enhanced HA production was attributed to the alleviation of carbon and energy competition between cell growth and HA synthesis.     

唾液链球菌BD3900作为口腔益生菌的特性

从口腔中分离得到一株唾液链球菌BD3900,在体外试验中发现,该菌具有极强疏水作用(95.8%)和静电作用(表面电荷量≥88.6%)有利于黏附于口腔中,能耐受100μg/mL的溶菌酶,存活能力较强;具有较高的自聚性(15%~20%)及与变形链球菌(Streptococcus.mutans)的共聚作用,在蔗糖存在时,与变形链球菌共聚率高达64.3%;与变形链球菌共培养时,可以抑制变形链球菌生物膜的形成,抑制率为67.1%。说明BD3900是一株具有预防龋齿潜力的口腔益生菌。     

Conventional identification of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentinean dairy herds

The objective of this study was to evaluate a conventional scheme for identifying Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Seventy-five gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci were collected from cows with mastitis from 19 dairy herds located in the east-central region of Argentina. Five American Type Culture Collection strains and bovine isolates were identified by the API 20 Strep system and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16S rDNA. A conventional scheme based on 11 biochemical tests was selected for identification of Strep. uberis strains: the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen reaction; hydrolysis of Arg, esculin, and sodium hippurate; growth in inulin, mannitol, raffinose, salicin, and sorbitol; and growth at 45°C and in 6.5% NaCl. Reference strains and 25 bovine isolates were classified accurately to the species level by the conventional scheme in a blind assay. Each reference strain and each bovine isolate were identified as belonging to the same species following these 3 methods. The remaining 50 isolates identified as Strep. uberis by the API 20 Strep system and 16S rDNA RFLP were assayed by the conventional scheme. This scheme correctly identified 47 (94%) of 50 isolates as Strep. uberis by comparing their biochemical profile with that of the reference strain. Three (6%) of the 50 isolates were classified as Strep. uberis by the API 20 Strep system and by 16S rDNA RFLP and were identified as Enterococcus faecalis by the conventional scheme. Thirty percent of the Strep. uberis strains showed biochemical profiles identical to the Strep. uberis American Type Culture Collection 27958 strain. Seventy percent of the Strep. uberis strains demonstrated variability compared with the reference strain, resulting in 19 different biochemical profiles. The conventional scheme proposed in this study resulted in a relatively low number of misidentifications and could biochemically identify not only typical, but also atypical Strep. uberis strains. This conventional scheme can be considered an adequate method for identifying Strep. uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis because of its affordable cost in developing countries, and it may contribute to determining the frequency of isolation of Strep. uberis strains in Argentinean dairy herds.     

Effect of exopolysaccharide-producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus on technological attributes of fat-free lassi

Sixty-four exopolysaccharide-producing thermophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from traditionally made Indian fermented milk products. On the basis of morphological and biochemical tests, these isolates were identified as the species of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus genera. Initial screening for technological attributes revealed that Streptococcus thermophilus IG16 was a promising isolate, and produced both capsular and ropy polysaccharides at the concentration of 211 mg/L. Exopolysaccharide produced by IG16 was a heteropolysaccharide containing rhamnose and galactose in a ratio of 5.3:1 and had a molecular weight of 3.3 × 10⁴ Da. Use of IG16 as a starter culture controlled whey separation and improved viscosity, flavor, consistency, and color and appearance of lassi. Use of IG16 resulted in lassi having optimal acidity, less syneresis, high viscosity, and better scores for flavor, consistency, and color and appearance.     

Experimentally induced intramammary infection with multiple strains of Streptococcus uberis

The effect of infusing a mixture of 5 Streptococcus uberis strains into mammary quarters of 10 lactating cows was investigated. All 5 strains, which included 2 originally isolated from the dairy environment and 3 from clinical cases of mastitis, were capable of establishing an intramammary infection when infused individually. However, when the 5 strains were infused together, a single strain predominated in 7 out of 10 quarters. One strain in particular prevailed in 4 mammary quarters and was also found to inhibit the growth of the other 4 strains with deferred antagonism on esculin blood agar. The genes required for the production of bacteriocins nisin U and uberolysin were identified in this strain, whereas the other 4 strains contained only uberolysin genes. Direct competition may have occurred between strains within the mammary gland but competition was not apparent when cultured together in UHT milk, where no strain predominated. Although the mechanism is unknown, these results imply that a selection process can occur within the mammary gland, leading to a single strain that is detected upon diagnosis of mastitis.     

太空诱变对链球菌菌体多糖分子表达的影响

目的研究太空诱变对α-溶血性链球菌多糖分子表达的影响。方法采用改良的过碘酸钠法将辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)分别标记在刀豆凝集素(ConA)、麦胚凝集素(WGA)、接骨木凝集素(SNA)、蓖麻凝集素Ⅰ(RCA-Ⅰ)及植物血凝素(PHA)上,合成HRP-凝集素,检测普通型α-溶血性链球菌及太空型链球菌菌体内多糖分子的表达水平。结果太空型链球菌菌体内末端为ConA、SNA及RCA-Ⅰ所识别的多糖分子含量较普通型α-溶血性链球菌高,且差异有统计学意义;末端为WGA及PHA所识别的多糖分子含量,普通型α-溶血性链球菌较太空型链球菌稍高,但差异无统计学意义。结论太空诱变对细菌的多糖分子表达具有调控作用,为细菌多糖制品的筛选及其性能和产量的提高提供了新的途径。     

玉米浆发酵生产L- 乳酸的工艺优化

采用嗜热乳酸链球菌,以玉米浆为主要氮源,通过响应面对其发酵培养基进行优化设计,最终确定出以玉米浆生产L- 乳酸的最佳发酵方案为：葡萄糖84g/L、玉米浆41g/L、硫酸铵1.3g/L、pH6.5,其L- 乳酸产量为11g/L,与添加牛肉膏产酸量(9.02g/L)接近,但可以大大降低成本,有效提高生产效率。