Amtshaftung bei Bauführung im Hochwassergebiet; fehlerhafter Flächenwidmungsplan; Nachforschungspflichten der Gemeinde

Bestehen ausreichende Anhaltspunkte für die Hochwassergef?hrdung, ist die Gemeinde verpflichtet, sich durch Nachforschungen Gewissheit über das Vorliegen oder Nichtvorliegen eines Hochwasserabflussgebietes gem § 38 Abs 3 WRG zu verschaffen. Liegt ein solches vor, hat sie gem § 12 Abs 1 Z 2 krnt GplG dieses im Fl?chenwidmungsplan ersichtlich zu machen. Erteilt die Gemeinde eine Baubewilligung ohne diese von der Erteilung einer wasserrechtlichen Bewilligung abh?ngig zu machen, haftet sie für die Kosten der Bauführung, die bei gesetzes-konformer Vorgangsweise unterlassen worden w?re.     

Ring‐opening polymerization of D,L‐lactide by rare earth 2,6‐dimethylaryloxide

Ring‐opening polymerization of D,L ‐lactide (LA) has been successfully carried out by using rare earth 2,6‐dimethylaryloxide (Ln(ODMP)₃) as single component catalyst or initiator for the first time. The effects of different rare earth elements, solvents, monomers and catalyst concentration as well as polymerization temperature and time on the polymerization were investigated. The results show that La(ODMP)₃ exhibits higher activity to prepare poly(D,L ‐lactide) (PLA) with a viscosity molecular weight of 4.5 × 10⁴ g mol^?1 and the conversion of 97 % at 100 °C in 45 min. The catalytic activity of Ln(ODMP)₃ has following sequence: La > Nd > Sm > Gd > Er > Y. A kinetic study has indicated that the polymerization is first order with respect to both monomer and catalyst concentration. The apparent activation energy of the polymerization of LA with La(ODMP)₃ is 69.6 kJ mol^?1. The analyses of polymer ends indicate that the LA polymerization proceeds according to ‘coordination–insertion’ mechanism with selective cleavage of the acyl–oxygen bond of the monomer. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

小提花横机常见选针出故障的原因及处理方法

介绍了选针片式小提花横机常见选针故障的各种原因，并对不同原因导致的选针故障提出了针对性解决方法。     

Effects of Seismically Induced Pounding at Expansion Joints of Concrete Bridges

This paper presents the result of a study on the effect of pounding at expansion joints on concrete bridge response to earthquake ground motions. An engineering approach, rather than continuum mechanics approach, is emphasized. First, the dynamic behavior of a damped multidegree-of-freedom bridge system separated by an expansion joint involving an impact is examined by means of the finite element method. Second, the sensitivity analysis of the stiffness in gap elements is performed. Third, usefulness of the analysis method for simulation of pounding phenomena is demonstrated and the effect of pounding on the ductility demands measured in terms of the rotation of column ends is investigated. Two-dimensional finite element analysis using a bilinear hysterestic model for bridge substructure joints and a nonlinear gap element for the expansion joint is performed on a realistic bridge with an expansion joint. The effects of the primary factors on the ductility demand such as gap sizes and characteristics of earthquake ground motion are investigated through a parametric study. The major conclusions are (1) the effect of impact most directly depends on the size of momentum (or pounding magnitude); and (2) the pounding effect is generally found to be negligible on the ductility demand for wide practical ranges of gap size and peak ground acceleration, but is potentially significant at the locations of impact.     

中兴宽带线路测试技术及功能介绍

宽带线路测试是中兴通讯ZXDSL综合宽带运维系统的核心功能，在DSL业务提供过程中主要应用在开通前的预测试、线路测试、开通后的例测试以及故障时的在线测试。对其测试技术和功能作了介绍。     

Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Diatomic Substances Based on the Ornstein-Zernike Equation

The new method of calculation of intermolecular distribution functions is used to calculate various thermodynamic properties of diatomic substances (oxygen, nitrogen, ethane). Good agreement is demonstrated between the calculation and experimental data.     

Controllability of One Spin and Two Interacting Spins

Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Systems - ?We consider the problem of steering control for the systems of one spin ½ particle and two interacting spin ½ particles in an...     

Review on testers for measuring flow properties of bulk solids

 The author was asked by the International Fine Particle Research Institue (IFPRI) to write a critical review on shear testers for IFPRI-members. The review was delivered to IFPRI in summer 1999. Following the contract with IFPRI it was not allowed to publish the review elsewhere for at least two years. Granular Matter invited the author to submit the review in the original form; during the refereeing process (besides other changes) it turned out that some remarks should be added here for clarification: - Since 1999, the author is not aware of a really new device for testing bulk solid properties, which could lead to a change of the general comments and conclusions provided in the review. It was argued, that the review is referring too much to the work of Jenike, while the works of Johanson and Peschl were not adequately cited. Both are excellent engineers with a lot of experience, but their basic ideas are not available in published form, and if, they are not set in relation to alternative approaches so that an objective comparison in detail would be a future research issue rather than a topic in this report. A discussion on the influence of electrostatic charges was missing. There hardly is an influence, since the particles are in continuous contact. Only with non-conducting plastic particles electrostatic charges could cause problems. But no relevant experiments and results are known. In closed systems, the effect of electric charges is thus mainly neglected, but it is clear that electrostatic forces are eminent in flows with a free surface – an issue not addressed in this review. Received: 1 November 2002