花生组织蛋白溶解性变化的研究

本实验研究了形成花生组织蛋白的原料组成成分对产品蛋白质溶出率的影响。原料在含水量13%,膨化温度170℃,主轴转速2000r/min下进行挤压处理。结果显示,脱脂粉中脂肪含量的增加,会降低蛋白组织化程度,产品的蛋白溶出率增加;增加原料中淀粉含量,提高了组织蛋白的水溶性,其中添加支链淀粉不利于蛋白分子间的交联,使产品的蛋白溶出率增加;预糊化淀粉对蛋白分子交联的作用强度高于支链淀粉的作用;蛋白糖对蛋白分子重排和结构重组产生重要影响。卵磷脂对于蛋白质交联的作用强度处于直链淀粉与支链淀粉之间。     

三相分配法从茶籽中提取油脂的研究

研究利用三相分配法从油茶籽中提取茶油新技术,先用商业蛋白酶制剂和超声波前处理油茶籽浆液,然后利用三相分配法提取茶油,油提取率达到97%和89%。油提取效率可达到用正已烷提取油的效率,并且提取时间较短。酶前处理和超声波处理结合三相分配技术提取茶油是一种有效的方法。     

Thermal nonlinear optical response of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin under aggregation conditions versus that in the absence of aggregation

In this work, measurement of thermally induced nonlinear refractive index of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (H₂TPP) at different concentrations in 1,2-dicoloroethane using a double-grating interferometer set-up in a pump–probe configuration is reported. The formation of aggregates of H₂TPP at concentrations greater than ca. 5 × 10^?5 M was evident by deviation from Beer’s law. An almost focused pump beam passes through the solution. A part of the pump beam energy is absorbed by the sample and therefore a thermal lens is generated in the sample. An expanded probe beam propagates through the sample and indicates the sample refractive index changes. Just after the sample a band-pass filter cuts off the pump beam from the path but the distorted probe beam passes through a double-grating interferometer consisting of two similar diffraction gratings with a few centimetres distance. A CCD camera is installed after the interferometer in which on its sensitive area two diffraction orders of the gratings are overlying and producing interference pattern. The refractive index changes of the sample are obtained from the phase distribution of the successive interference patterns recorded at different times after turning on of the pump beam using Fourier transform method. In this study, for different concentrations of H₂TPP in 1,2-dichloroethane solution the thermal nonlinear refractive index is determined. Also, we present the measurement of the temperature changes induced by the pump beam in the solution. We found that value of nonlinear refractive index increased by increasing the concentration up to a concentration of 5 × 10^?4 M and then decreased at higher concentrations. In addition, we have investigated the stability of the observed thermal nonlinearity after a period of two weeks from the sample preparation.     

Fair allocation of wastewater discharge permits based on satisfaction criteria using data envelopment analysis

Allocating initial tradable pollutant permits (TPP) is an essential tool for controlling total wastewater discharge. Based on Max-min satisfaction, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied for the achievement of TPP allocation. We divide 30 Chinese provinces into six regions to explore TPP allocation schemes and utilization rates through the comparison of allocated amount with the actual amount of TPP. Results demonstrate that: (1) the environmental efficiency of all provinces reaches Pareto efficiency after allocation; (2) the degree of satisfaction is relatively fair; (3) regions with higher environmental efficiency values are more likely to be allocated with full TPP matched with scale.     

磷酸酯和环氧树脂在阻燃HIPS中的协同作用

通过测试分析了两种环氧树脂和磷酸酯（TPP）对高抗冲击聚苯乙烯（HIPS）阻燃性能的影响。研究结果表明，环氧树脂和TPP对HIPS的阻燃具有协同作用，当环氧树脂和TPP用量各为10phr时，HIPS的阻燃效果最好，酚醛环氧A／TPP体系的协同作用优于酚醛环氧B／TPP体系。     

Fifteen chemistries for autonomous external self-healing polymers and composites

This review aims at guiding both new and established researchers in the field of self-healing by providing a clear overview of the fifteen most important chemistries used in autonomous external self-healing systems until today, together with their healing potential for different matrix materials and types of mechanical damage. The described self-healing systems require no manual intervention or additional stimulus for the self-healing event to take place (autonomous) and utilize added healing agents to repair the damage (external). A range of recent developments is discussed with indication of their strengths and weaknesses. An attempt is also made to demonstrate the research opportunities that are still available for each described system and to find the areas that require further elaboration. As such, this review can help to point the reader in the directions these self-healing materials could follow in the future.     

Consideration of the procedural error for measuring contact sensor temperature during thermophysical studies

The procedural error is described for measuring the temperature of a contact sensor with placement within the grooves of an experimental specimen made of ceramic material. Mathematical modelling is performed for the error under specimen one-sided heating conditions. The effect is demonstrated for the error on the result of processing experimental data by means of mathematical processing of nonstationary nonlinear reverse thermal conductivity problems. Recommendations are given for reducing this error. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 29 – 33, March 2009.     

新型二氢杨梅素掺杂双光子材料的合成及其微结构制备

传统医疗器械在使用时表面形成的细菌生物膜,容易引起感染并导致发病率增加。为此提出了利用飞秒激光双光子聚合(two-photon polymerization, TPP)技术在掺有二氢杨梅素(dihydromyricetin, DMY)的双光子材料中制备“筒仓”形抑菌微结构。本文中,通过电子圆二色光谱(electronic circular dichroism, ECD)分析确定了双光子材料中DMY的成功掺入,同时对比确定了掺有DMY的双光子材料最佳加工参数范围：打印速度为10—100μm/s,激光功率为18.1—90.0 mW。然后,制备了高度为30μm的“筒仓”形抑菌微结构,并通过增加微结构轮廓扫描次数来强化抑菌微结构的稳定性。该研究结果对高杀菌率微结构的制备和进一步发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

三苯基膦醋酸纤维富集火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中的痕量银

地质样品经王水溶解后,在一定浓度的王水和盐酸介质下,用三苯基膦醋酸纤维富集银,用20g／L硫脲解脱,采用火焰原子吸收法测定。实验表明,银的吸附率在98％以上。该方法对地质样品的检测限为0．002μg／g。     

交联结构对阻燃玻纤增强PPE材料热氧老化行为的影响研究

深入探讨了阻燃玻纤增强聚苯醚（PPE）材料热氧老化过程中发生两种交联反应,测试了不同厚度材料的凝胶含量,分析了凝胶含量和交联结构与PPE材料在不同热氧老化时间后的拉伸强度保持率之间的关系。研究结果表明：材料的凝胶含量或交联程度与材料的性能保持率之间存在显著的关联,在老化的早期阶段材料的拉伸强度明显下降;随着老化时间的延长和交联反应的进行,材料的交联网络逐步完善,凝胶含量达到平衡;不同厚度的样品在180℃下老化时均出现了有性能保持率的急剧下降,然后逐渐回升的“过冲”现象;而在160℃下老化时,不同厚度样品均表现出了一个明显的性能保持率“平台区”;此外,还观察到材料表层和芯层在热氧老化中表现出不同的行为。综上所述,材料的热氧老化可以分为3个阶段,即老化初期、老化性能修复期和老化性能平台期。