用电子鼻技术评价烟叶挥发性组分的研究

该文基于电子鼻检测技术和化学计量学方法,研究建立了烟叶挥发性组分的人工智能评价方法,并用于一系列国内主要烟叶原料的评价。结果表明,仅就烟叶挥发性组分而言,新方法可以用来区分同一等级不同产地烤烟型烟叶,可以为烟叶原料建立数据模型库,从而对原料进行质量控制。方法具有无需样品前处理、无污染、分析速度快等特点。     

改善加热不燃烧型烟草薄片物理性能的研究

加热不燃烧型烟草薄片是一种新型烟草薄片,其制备方法主要包括稠浆法、辊压法、造纸法。为保证烟草薄片的良好成形及耐加工性,需添加一定量的木浆纤维。本研究探究了木浆纤维在稠浆法加热不燃烧型烟草薄片中的应用,考察了木浆纤维打浆度和添加量对稠浆性能和烟草薄片物理性能的影响。研究表明,增加木浆纤维打浆度有利于降低稠浆黏度,木浆纤维的打浆度为49 °SR时,烟草薄片的力学性能相对较好;木浆纤维添加量在2%~5%时,烟草薄片力学强度随着木浆添加量的增加而增加,抗张指数最高可达3.62 N·m/g。     

大型卷烟厂中水回用工程

介绍了采用接触氧化池-涡凹气浮-流砂过滤器-消毒工艺处理昆明某大型卷烟厂废水,并实现中水回用的工程实例.处理后的中水用于厂区绿化、喷泉等,大大节约了新水的取用,达到经济效益和社会效益双丰收.系统自2005年调试正常以来,运行稳定,出水COD<40 mg/L,SS<5 mg/L,浊度<3 NTU.     

打顶后氮素供应和腋芽生长互作对烤烟烟碱积累的影响

为探明氮素与烟碱之间的关系,采用砂培和营养液浇灌的方法,研究了打顶后氮素供应与腋芽生长对烤烟各器官烟碱积累和根部生长素含量的影响。结果表明,打顶后保持抑芽,无氮培养的烟株仍然能够大量合成烟碱;继续供应氮素,烟碱总积累量增加。随着腋芽的生长,烟株根部的生长素含量增加,烟碱的合成受到抑制;无氮状态下,烟碱能够作为氮源被分解以满足腋芽生长的需要。通过互作效应分析,腋芽对烟碱积累和生长素的影响大于氮素。总之,烟株能够利用已积累的和吸收的氮素合成烟碱,腋芽不利于烟碱的积累。     

白肋烟整株调制期间的水分代谢研究

研究了白肋烟整株调制期间上中下三部位叶水势、叶片水分组成，叶片、叶脉含水量及主茎含水量变化。结果表明调制开始后各部位叶水势及叶片自由水含量快速下降，烟株处于较强的水分胁迫状态，并随调制的继续胁迫程度不断加深直至叶片先后干燥。调制期间主茎含水量变化很小，主脉含水量的大量减少发生在相应部位叶肉组织接近干燥时。     

硝酸尾气碱吸收过程的机理模型——(2)吸收速率方程式

依据碱吸收硝酸尾气过程的两条简化假设,推导出本课题的吸收速率方程式－ｄ［ＮＯｘ］ｄｔ＝Ｋ１［ＮＯｘ］２α（２－αａ）。利用该式对上海化工研究院的试验结果作出了定性的解释,并可进一步作出定量的计算。     

Fibre diffraction in the analysis of filamentous virus structure

In many plant and bacterial viruses, a filamentous nucleocapsid makes up the entire virus particle. These viruses usually form fibres naturally, but they do not crystallize. Fibre diffraction has therefore been the method of choice for structural studies, aided in recent years by cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR). Filamentous viruses, particularly tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), have been important in developing fibre diffraction methods, and fibre diffraction allowed TMV to be among the first virus structures determined. Structures of several viruses related to TMV and several filamentous bacterial viruses have been determined at resolutions of 3?Å or better, and lower resolution structures have been determined by fibre diffraction, sometimes in conjunction with other methods, for many other, unrelated, filamentous viruses.     

溶剂处理对烟梗梗丝内在质量的影响

为比较溶剂处理梗丝和常规工艺生产的梗丝的差别,采用溶剂处理烟梗梗条后在烟梗制丝线上制备梗丝,研究溶剂处理对梗丝内在质量的影响.通过仪器分析与感官质量对比,结果表明:与传统制备工艺相比,溶剂处理对烟梗的持水性、耐加工性和梗丝结构的影响较小,梗丝的填充值增加11.4%;其主要化学成分及致香成分含量有较大变化,对梗丝内在质量有一定程度的改善.     

烟丝组分的吸湿模型研究

为了研究烟丝主要组分的吸湿平衡规律,用GAB模型获得的叶丝、梗丝、膨胀烟丝在25℃环境下,在45%～75%平衡相对湿度范围内的吸湿平衡,得到优异的拟合精度.结果表明,用GAB吸湿模型计算的叶丝、梗丝、膨胀烟丝的单层含水率（干基）分别为6.14%,7.04%,5.92%.以水活度0.65为安全贮存的临界点,对应于吸湿过程,用GAB模型估计25℃时叶丝、梗丝、膨胀烟丝的安全含水率（干基）分别为16.69%,18.30%,15.00%.研究结果为各组分加工过程各阶段的含水率设计提供了参考.     

Effect of roasting on the physico-chemical properties,fatty acids,polyphenols and mineral contents of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed and oils

The physico-chemical properties, phytochemicals, mineral contents of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds grown at Samsun province in Turkey were evaluated. The oil contents of tobacco seeds ranged from 20.6% (control) to 29.0% (microwave-roasted). L*, a* and b* values of tobacco seeds ranged from 32.38 to 35.61; from 6.32 to 6.78; from 13.72 to 14.27, respectively. Total phenolic contents of tobacco seed extract and oils were reported between 31.02 (oven-roasted) and 34.42 mg GAE/100 g (microwave-roasted) to 4.60 (microwave-roasted) and 6.45 mg GAE/100 g (oven-roasted), respectively. Total flavonoid values of raw and roasted tobacco seed extract and oils were determined between 26.62 (oven) and 67.10 mg/100 g (control) to 21.57 (control) and 44.71 mg/100 g (microwave-roasted), respectively. Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and catechin are the predominant phenolic components of raw and roasted tobacco seed oils. The amounts of oleic and linoleic acid in raw and roasted tobacco seed oils ranged from 10.23% (oven-roasted) to 12.48% (control) and 73.72% (control) to 76.63% (oven-roasted), respectively. The abundant elements found in seeds were K, P, Ca, Mg, S and Fe. The mineral amounts of the roasted seeds were found higher than that of the control. The highest increase was detected in oven roasted tobacco seeds.