烟草中水溶性总糖与还原糖的分析研究进展

烟草中的水溶性总糖和还原糖对烟气的香吃味都有良好的作用,并能减少烟气的刺激性,对烟叶品质影响巨大,是决定烟叶品质的重要化学成分,是烟草化学常规分析中的重要项目.就烟草中水溶性总糖与还原糖的几种分析方法,如铜还原-滴定法、比色法、近红外光谱法、连续流动法等进行了综述,铜还原-滴定法是经典的方法,DNS定糖法建立了批量连续测定烟草样品中还原糖、水溶性总糖的方法,该方法具有快速省时、操作简便、试剂消耗少等优点,近红外光谱法是一种方便、高效、无污染、非破坏性、低成本的绿色分析技术,准确度高、操作方便,最新的烟草行业标准采用连续流动仪测定水溶性糖.以期对烟草中水溶性总糖与还原糖的研究具有一定的指导作用.     

微柱高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中植物色素的研究

通过微柱高效液相色谱法测定烟草样品中的植物色素;用 90%丙酮震荡浸提烟草样品中的色素,提取液经WatersSep Park-C18固相萃取小柱预分离和富集,以WatersXterraTMRP18 (1. 0×50mm, 2. 5μm)色谱柱为固定相, (1+1)甲醇异丙醇溶液-水梯度为流动相,烟叶中的叶绿素 a、叶绿素 b、β 胡萝卜素、叶黄素、新叶黄素、紫黄质和脱镁叶绿素等色素分别在其最大吸收波长监测下分离提取,色谱峰面积定量。该方法标准回收率95% ~105%, RSD为 1. 6% ~2. 5%。将其用于烟草中天然色素含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

不同地区不同等级复烤烟叶中重要致香物质的分析比较

本文采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)/气相色谱/质谱联用法(GC/MS)对相同品种、不同地区、不同等级复烤烟叶中的重要致香物质进行分析比较;并且对同时蒸馏萃取法进行重复性和回收率试验。结果表明相同品种、不同地区、不同等级复烤烟叶中重要致香物质的含量差别较大;同时蒸馏萃取法具有良好的重复性和较高的回收率。     

不同产地烟草精油的提取及化学组成分析

选取四川、贵州和福建三地烟草为原料,用水中蒸馏法提取烟草精油。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪对不同产地烟草精油的组成及含量进行分析,比较了不同产地对产物产率及组成的影响。研究结果表明:产自福建、四川和贵州的烟草平均得率分别为0.1391%、0.0851%和0.1075%,相应的新植二烯分别为39.86%、36.12%和44.88%。对比分析显示:产自福建的烟草得油率最高,特征香气适中;产自贵州的烟草精油得油率适中,烟草香气突出,有明显甘草香气;产自四川的烟草精油得油率较低,香气较弱。     

Alterations in Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids in Patients with Mild to Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Smoking is a major risk factor for several diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better understand the systemic effects of cigarette smoke exposure and mild to moderate COPD—and to support future biomarker development—we profiled the serum lipidomes of healthy smokers, smokers with mild to moderate COPD (GOLD stages 1 and 2), former smokers, and never-smokers (n = 40 per group) (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT01780298","term_id":"NCT01780298"}}NCT01780298). Serum lipidome profiling was conducted with untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Guided by weighted lipid co-expression network analysis, we identified three main trends comparing smokers, especially those with COPD, with non-smokers: a general increase in glycero(phospho)lipids, including triglycerols; changes in fatty acid desaturation (decrease in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids); and an imbalance in eicosanoids (increase in 11,12- and 14,15-DHETs (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids), and a decrease in 9- and 13-HODEs (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids)). The lipidome profiles supported classification of study subjects as smokers or non-smokers, but were not sufficient to distinguish between smokers with and without COPD. Overall, our study yielded further insights into the complex interplay between smoke exposure, lung disease, and systemic alterations in serum lipid profiles.     

Antiviral activity and mechanism of action of novel thiourea containing chiral phosphonate on tobacco mosaic virus

Using half-leaf method O,O'-diisopropyl (3-(L-1-(benzylamino)-1-oxo-3- phenylpropan-2-yl)thioureido)(phenyl)methyl phosphonate (2009104) was studied for its activity on tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). It showed good curative activity in vivo and the curative activity at 500 μg/mL was found to be 53.3%. In vivo treatment with the control agent Ningnanmycin at 500 μg/mL resulted in 51.2% inhibition and curative inhibition rates respectively. Dot-ELISA test was employed to verify the efficacy of activity of compound 200910 for anti-TMV activity. The mechanism of action of compound 2009104 to resist TMV was also studied. The results showed that the resistance enzymes PAL, POD, SOD activity and chlorophyll content after TMV inoculation K(326) (Nicotiana tabacum K(326)) of tobacco plants followed by treatment with compound 2009104 were significantly enhanced. The study of the effect of compound 2009104 on TMV capsid protein (CP) showed that it inhibited the polymerization process of TMV-CP in vitro.     

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of Antagonistic Bacteria against Phytophthora nicotianae Isolated from Tobacco Rhizosphere

The genetic diversity of antagonistic bacteria from the tobacco rhizosphere was examined by BOXAIR-PCR, 16S-RFLP, 16S rRNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis methods. These studies revealed that 4.01% of the 6652 tested had some inhibitory activity against Phytophthora nicotianae. BOXAIR-PCR analysis revealed 35 distinct amplimers aligning at a 91% similarity level, reflecting a high degree of genotypic diversity among the antagonistic bacteria. A total of 25 16S-RFLP patterns were identified representing over 33 species from 17 different genera. Our results also found a significant amount of bacterial diversity among the antagonistic bacteria compared to other published reports. For the first time; Delftia tsuruhatensis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Advenella incenata, Bacillus altitudinis, Kocuria palustris, Bacillus licheniformis, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Myroides odoratimimus are reported to display antagonistic activity towards Phytophthora nicotianae. Furthermore, the majority (75%) of the isolates assayed for antagonistic activity were Gram-positives compared to only 25% that were Gram-negative bacteria.     

反相液相色谱法测定烟叶中精甲霜灵残留

建立了1种用反相液相色谱法测定烟叶中精甲霜灵残留量的方法。优化和选择了烟叶样品的前处理条件,样品经正己烷+丙酮(体积比为2∶3)振荡提取,二氯甲烷液–液分配萃取,中性氧化铝层析柱净化。采用C18色谱柱,以甲醇+水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器于220nm波长下检测。结果表明,该方法在0.1～25.0 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9。在样品的加标水平为0.2,1.0,2.0 mg/kg时,平均回收率为77.1%～82.3%,相对标准偏差在4.3%～5.1%之间,方法的最低检测浓度为0.04 mg/kg。该方法符合农药残留检测技术的要求,且简便、可靠,适用于烟草中精甲霜灵残留量的测定。     

真空间歇精馏提纯天然烟碱

针对提取天然烟碱传统工艺中粗烟碱精制过程烟碱损失量大及烟碱产品纯度不够高的问题,采用真空间歇精馏方法对烟碱粗产品进行了精制,并确定了适宜的操作条件。该过程包含如下两阶段：溶剂回收阶段,塔顶压力50~100 kPa,回流比2~4,溶剂收率为88.7%;烟碱精制阶段,塔顶压力不超过0.5 kPa,回流比3~5,烟碱质量分数和收率分别到达99.5%和74.0%以上。此方法操作稳定可靠,便于控制,易于实现工业化。